Viscosity Estimation of TiO2-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag with High Al2O3 at 1500 °C
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Improved Urbain Model (IUM Model)
2.1. Definition of the Model Parameters
2.2. Determination of m and n
2.3. Determination of Viscous Activation Energy B
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscosity Isoline of the CaO–SiO2–15%Al2O3–MgO–2.5%TiO2 Slag System at 1500 °C
3.2. Effect of Rw2 and Nw on Viscosity
3.3. Effect of Slag Structure on Viscosity
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The relative error of IUM is 10%, and this shows that IUM is reliable and is of high accuracy.
- (2)
- The viscosity isolines of the CaO–SiO2–15%Al2O3–MgO–2.5%TiO2 melts were plotted using the data obtained from IUM. The viscosity center of the slag was located between Rw2 = 0.77–1.39 and Nw = 0–1.37, and the viscosity value was 0.3 Pa·s, which gradually increased from the center to the outside.
- (3)
- With the increase in Nw and Rw2, the peak values of symmetric stretching vibration of bridging oxygen in the Si–O tetrahedral structure decreased, the complex Si–O tetrahedron and Al–O tetrahedron in the slag were depolymerized into simple compounds, and the viscosity of the slag decreased.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Chemical Compositions, Mass% | Measured Viscosity, Pa·s * | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CaO | SiO2 | MgO | Al2O3 | TiO2 | 1450 °C | 1500 °C | |
1# ** | 42.23 | 36.72 | 5.85 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.516 | 0.393 |
2# | 40.68 | 35.37 | 6.75 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.538 | 0.409 |
3# | 39.13 | 34.02 | 7.65 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.556 | 0.437 |
4# | 41.88 | 36.42 | 6.50 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.475 | 0.309 |
5# | 40.28 | 35.02 | 7.50 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.492 | 0.346 |
6# | 38.67 | 33.63 | 8.50 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.528 | 0.389 |
7# | 41.53 | 36.12 | 7.15 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.489 | 0.334 |
8# | 39.88 | 34.67 | 8.25 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.453 | 0.335 |
9# | 38.22 | 33.23 | 9.35 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.485 | 0.363 |
10# | 43.06 | 35.89 | 5.85 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.484 | 0.339 |
11# | 41.48 | 34.57 | 6.75 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.513 | 0.351 |
12# | 39.90 | 33.25 | 7.65 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.530 | 0.372 |
13# | 42.71 | 35.59 | 6.50 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.456 | 0.320 |
14# | 41.07 | 34.23 | 7.50 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.447 | 0.311 |
15# | 39.44 | 32.86 | 8.50 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.489 | 0.362 |
16# | 42.35 | 35.30 | 7.15 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.412 | 0.287 |
17# | 40.66 | 33.89 | 8.25 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.440 | 0.316 |
18# | 38.97 | 32.48 | 9.35 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.421 | 0.294 |
19# | 43.86 | 35.09 | 5.85 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.425 | 0.300 |
20# | 42.25 | 33.80 | 6.75 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.441 | 0.331 |
21# | 40.64 | 32.51 | 7.65 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.488 | 0.339 |
22# | 43.50 | 34.80 | 6.50 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.380 | 0.275 |
23# | 41.83 | 33.47 | 7.50 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.410 | 0.317 |
24# | 40.17 | 32.13 | 8.50 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.439 | 0.326 |
25# | 43.14 | 34.51 | 7.15 | 13.00 | 2.20 | 0.319 | 0.220 |
26# | 41.42 | 33.13 | 8.25 | 15.00 | 2.20 | 0.347 | 0.248 |
27# | 39.69 | 31.76 | 9.35 | 17.00 | 2.20 | 0.380 | 0.273 |
28# | 41.25 | 35.25 | 8.50 | 14.00 | 1.00 | 0.435 | 0.284 |
29# | 40.92 | 34.98 | 8.50 | 14.00 | 1.60 | 0.320 | 0.242 |
30# | 40.60 | 34.70 | 8.50 | 14.00 | 2.20 | 0.308 | 0.246 |
31# | 39.90 | 34.10 | 8.50 | 16.50 | 1.00 | 0.422 | 0.283 |
32# | 39.58 | 33.82 | 8.50 | 16.50 | 1.60 | 0.327 | 0.25 |
33# | 39.25 | 33.55 | 8.50 | 16.50 | 2.20 | 0.321 | 0.245 |
34# | 39.25 | 33.55 | 8.50 | 16.50 | 2.20 | 0.321 | 0.245 |
35# | 38.71 | 33.09 | 9.50 | 16.50 | 2.20 | 0.34 | 0.218 |
36# | 38.17 | 32.63 | 10.50 | 16.50 | 2.20 | 0.327 | 0.202 |
37# | 35.08 | 36.92 | 8.00 | 19.00 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.37 |
38# | 36.88 | 35.12 | 8.00 | 19.00 | 1.00 | 0.54 | 0.35 |
39# | 34.10 | 35.90 | 10.00 | 19.00 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.39 |
40# | 35.85 | 34.15 | 10.00 | 19.00 | 1.00 | 0.59 | 0.38 |
41# | 32.15 | 33.85 | 8.00 | 25.00 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.36 |
42# | 33.80 | 32.20 | 8.00 | 25.00 | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.34 |
43# | 31.18 | 32.82 | 10.00 | 25.00 | 1.00 | 0.59 | 0.38 |
44# | 32.78 | 31.22 | 10.00 | 25.00 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.36 |
45# | 34.59 | 36.41 | 8.00 | 19.00 | 2.00 | 0.53 | 0.33 |
46# | 36.37 | 34.63 | 8.00 | 19.00 | 2.00 | 0.53 | 0.32 |
47# | 33.62 | 35.38 | 10.00 | 19.00 | 2.00 | 0.57 | 0.35 |
48# | 35.34 | 33.66 | 10.00 | 19.00 | 2.00 | 0.55 | 0.33 |
49# | 31.67 | 33.33 | 8.00 | 25.00 | 2.00 | 0.52 | 0.32 |
50# | 33.29 | 31.71 | 8.00 | 25.00 | 2.00 | 0.51 | 0.3 |
51# | 30.69 | 32.31 | 10.00 | 25.00 | 2.00 | 0.56 | 0.37 |
52# | 32.27 | 30.73 | 10.00 | 25.00 | 2.00 | 0.57 | 0.35 |
53# | 29.20 | 38.30 | 2.42 | 27.80 | 1.71 | 1.51 | 0.98 |
54# | 34.50 | 35.40 | 2.11 | 25.80 | 1.86 | 0.94 | 0.63 |
55# | 38.00 | 32.00 | 2.14 | 25.20 | 2.28 | 0.61 | 0.41 |
56# | 32.00 | 37.80 | 4.70 | 23.30 | 1.82 | 0.85 | 0.57 |
57# | 39.40 | 32.00 | 4.80 | 21.20 | 2.17 | 0.41 | 0.29 |
i | ai | bi | ci |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 265.57 | −5846.71 | −3353.78 |
1 | −1202.13 | 38,717.73 | 565.08 |
2 | 1480.97 | −78,892.50 | 26,151.32 |
3 | −129.95 | 50,232.33 | −28,517.60 |
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Zheng, H.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, S.; Li, Y.; Zhang, B.; Shen, F.; Wang, Z.; Han, T. Viscosity Estimation of TiO2-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag with High Al2O3 at 1500 °C. Metals 2023, 13, 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030573
Zheng H, Zhou S, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang B, Shen F, Wang Z, Han T. Viscosity Estimation of TiO2-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag with High Al2O3 at 1500 °C. Metals. 2023; 13(3):573. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030573
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Haiyan, Shifa Zhou, Shen Zhang, Yang Li, Baozhi Zhang, Fengman Shen, Zhonghua Wang, and Tao Han. 2023. "Viscosity Estimation of TiO2-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag with High Al2O3 at 1500 °C" Metals 13, no. 3: 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030573