Occurrence Form of Potassium Vapor in Sinter and Its Effect on Reduction Degradation Indexes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. The Alkali Metal Adsorption of Sinter
2.3. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Potassium Vapor on Potassium Enrichment Ratio and Adsorption Rate of Sinter
3.2. Effect of Potassium Vapor on Sinter Reduction Chalking Index
3.3. Occurrence Form of Potassium in Sinter Mine
3.3.1. Phase Analysis of Potassium-Rich Sinter
3.3.2. Microstructure Evolution and Element distributions
3.4. Transformation of Potassium Vapor Enrichment Form on Sinter
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- With the increase in potassium vapor content, the adsorption rate of potassium in the sinter first increases and then decreases. When the content of potassium vapor content is 50 times higher, the enrichment ratio of K is 2576%, and the adsorption rate of potassium is the lowest, which is 51.5%.
- (2)
- The main methods of potassium vapor adsorption by sinter are physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. When the potassium vapor content is less than 30 times higher, the potassium vapor is mainly adsorbed on the sinter surface in the form of K2CO3, while the potassium vapor diffuses to the sinter and reacts with Fe3O4 to form KFeO2, which results in the decrease of RDI+3.15mm. With the continuous increase of potassium vapor content, the KFeO2 distribution is uniform, and the RDI+3.15mm improves.
- (3)
- In the process of potassium vapor rising with gas, at 1200 °C and 1000 °C, potassium vapor mainly exists in the sinter in the form of KAlSiO3 and K2SiO3. At 800 °C, the potassic phases of the sinter are KCl, K2SiO3, and KFeO2. At 600 °C, potassium vapor mainly exists in the form of K2CO3, K2SiO3, and KFeO2. At 400 °C, potassium vapor is mainly adsorbed on the sinter in the form of K2CO3.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TFe | FeO | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | MgO | ZnO | K | Na2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
49.95 | 9.25 | 14.28 | 7.41 | 1.84 | 2.69 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.32 |
Temperature/°C | CO2/mL·min−1 | CO/mL·min−1 | N2/mL·min−1 |
---|---|---|---|
400 | 200 | 200 | 600 |
500 | 200 | 200 | 600 |
600 | 190 | 210 | 600 |
800 | 170 | 230 | 600 |
1000 | 100 | 300 | 600 |
1200 | 20 | 380 | 600 |
Sample | Sinter Mass/g | K/g | K2CO3/g | Activated Carbon/g |
---|---|---|---|---|
K-0 | 57.1 | - | - | - |
K-10 | 58.2 | 1.63 | 2.88 | 0.75 |
K-20 | 60.1 | 3.37 | 5.95 | 1.55 |
K-30 | 60.3 | 5.07 | 8.96 | 2.34 |
K-40 | 56.1 | 6.28 | 11.12 | 2.90 |
K-50 | 59.3 | 8.30 | 14.69 | 3.83 |
L-400 | 58.5 | 6.55 | 11.59 | 3.02 |
L-600 | 59 | 6.61 | 11.69 | 3.05 |
L-800 | 58.4 | 6.54 | 11.57 | 3.02 |
L-1000 | 56.4 | 6.32 | 11.18 | 2.92 |
L-1200 | 54.7 | 6.13 | 10.84 | 2.83 |
Sample | Original Content/wt% | Enrichment Content/wt% | Enrichment Ratio/% | Adsorption Rate/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
K-0 | 0.28 | 0.26 | - | - |
K-10 | 0.28 | 1.79 | 538 | 53.8 |
K-20 | 0.28 | 4.18 | 1391 | 69.5 |
K-30 | 0.28 | 6.42 | 2191 | 73.0 |
K-40 | 0.28 | 6.83 | 2338 | 58.5 |
K-50 | 0.28 | 7.49 | 2576 | 51.5 |
Sample | Drum Mass/g | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m+6.3mm | m3.15–6.3mm | m0.5–3.15mm | m−0.5mm | |
K-0 | 41.6 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 9.1 |
K-10 | 39.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 11.2 |
K-20 | 37.8 | 2.8 | 4.9 | 10.8 |
K-30 | 43.8 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 11.6 |
K-40 | 40.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 9.0 |
K-50 | 45.3 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 6.8 |
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Ju, J.; Wang, H.; Xing, X.; Liu, M.; Zhao, G.; Jiang, X. Occurrence Form of Potassium Vapor in Sinter and Its Effect on Reduction Degradation Indexes. Metals 2023, 13, 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061010
Ju J, Wang H, Xing X, Liu M, Zhao G, Jiang X. Occurrence Form of Potassium Vapor in Sinter and Its Effect on Reduction Degradation Indexes. Metals. 2023; 13(6):1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061010
Chicago/Turabian StyleJu, Jiantao, Huayong Wang, Xiangdong Xing, Manbo Liu, Guiqing Zhao, and Xintai Jiang. 2023. "Occurrence Form of Potassium Vapor in Sinter and Its Effect on Reduction Degradation Indexes" Metals 13, no. 6: 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061010