Development and Research of New Hybrid Composites in Order to Increase Reliability and Durability of Structural Elements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Objectives
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- Substantiation of the choice of materials for hybrid composites (Section 2);
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- Substantiation of the choice of equipment and technologies for the formation of hybrid composite materials (Section 2);
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- Assessment of the influence of high-energy mechanical processing of powder materials AlCoCrCuFeNi, cBNCoMo, and B4CCoMo on the quality and mechanical properties of composites (Section 2);
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- Development of statistical models for optimizing the technological parameters of the formation of composite materials (Section 3.1);
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- Study of the structure and structural parameters of composite materials after complex processing (Section 3.2);
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- Study of the mechanical properties and fatigue testing of the obtained composites (Section 3.3);
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- Testing of the developed composites for friction wear (Section 3.3);
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- Substantiation of the choice of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment in order to improve the mechanical properties of composites (Section 4.1);
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- Substantiation of the choice of the “architecture” of composite materials (Section 4.2).
2. Materials and Research Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. High-Energy Machining
2.3. Formation of Layered Composites
2.4. Mechanical Test
3. Results
3.1. Design of Statistical Models for Hybrid Composites Using a Multifunctional Technological Complex
3.2. Structure and Structural Parameters of Composite Materials
3.3. Performance Properties of Surface-Modified Composite Materials
4. Discussion
4.1. High-Temperature Thermomechanical Treatment of Layered Composite Materials
4.2. Multifunctional Surface Compositions “AlCoCrCuFeNi—cBNCoMo” and “AlCoCrCuFeNi—B4CCoMo”
5. Conclusions
- We increased the adhesive strength of the composite layers from 68 to 192 MPa with the developed technology.
- We substantiated the choice of powder materials for the formation of high-entropy AlCoCrCuFeNi and ceramic cBNCoMo(B4CCoMo) layers of composites to increase the reliability and durability of the products.
- We improved the adhesive properties and quality (reduction of porosity) of composite layers using high-energy processing of AlCoCrCuFeNi, cBNCoMo, and B4CCoMo powder materials.
- We developed statistical models for optimizing the technological parameters for the formation of composite materials.
- We described the technological regimens of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment in order to improve the mechanical properties of composites (adhesion).
- We studied the structure of AlCoCrCuFeNi, cBNCoMo, and B4CCoMo composites after complex processing. The studies show that the AlCoCrCuFeNi layer has a grain size of 75–123 nm, the cBNCoMo layer has a grain size of 92–136 nm, and the B4CCoMo layer has a grain size of 86–163 nm. The microhardness was Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo) HV = 3.8 ÷ 3.95 GPa; AlCoCrCuFeNi HV = 4.41 ÷ 4.57 GPa; cBNCoMo, HV = 34.3 ÷ 34.8 GPa; and B4CCoMo, HV = 18.7 ÷ 18.9 GPa.
- We performed mechanical tests of hybrid composites Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo)—AlCoCrCuFeNi—cBNCoMo and Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo)—AlCoCrCuFeNi—B4CCoMo for cyclic durability (fatigue mechanical tests) and friction wear. The tests show that the endurance limit of Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo) alloy samples was 340 MPa, with AlCoCrCuFeNi—cBNCoMo composite surface layers of 410 Mpa and AlCoCrCuFeNi—B4CCoMo composite surface layers of 385 MPa. The use of surface-layered materials AlCoCrCuFeNi—cBNCoMo and AlCoCrCuFeNi—B4CCoMo in the composition of hybrid composites increases cyclic durability.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Ni | Mo | Cr | Fe | W | Co | Mn | C | P | S | Si | Al | Ti | B | Cu | cBN | B4C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hastelloy X | 43.34 | 9.5 | 21.8 | 20.1 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.4 | - | - |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | 16.7 | - | 16.7 | 16.7 | - | 16.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 16.6 | - | - | 16.6 | - | - |
cBNCoMo | - | 5 | - | - | - | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 85 | - |
B4CCoMo | - | 5 | - | - | - | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 85 |
Phase | a, nm | Vat·103 | b, nm | c, nm | β, Degrees |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cBNCoMo | |||||
BN (cubic) | 0.3615 | 47.24 | 0.3615 | 0.3615 | 90.00 |
B2CN (hexagonal) | 0.2574 | 25.49 | 0.2574 | 0.4442 | 90.00 |
B2CN (orthorhombic) | 0.256 | 50.77 | 0.791 | 0.2507 | 90.00 |
Co (hexagonal) | 0.2503 | 25.44 | 0.2503 | 0.406 | 90.00 |
B4CCoMo | |||||
B4 C (rhombohedral) | 0.5593 | 378.039 | 0.5593 | 1.2085 | 90.00 |
B4 C2 Co22 (cubic) | 1.046 | 1144.445 | 1.046 | 1.046 | 90.00 |
Co (hexagonal) | 0.2502 | 25.35 | 0.2502 | 0.405 | 90.00 |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | |||||
BCC (body-centered cubic lattice) | 0.2875 | 23.76 | 0.2875 | 0.2875 | 90.00 |
FCC (face-centered cubic lattice) | 0.3608 | 46.97 | 0.3608 | 0.3608 | 90.00 |
B2 (cubic) | 0.3207 | 32.98 | 0.3207 | 0.3207 | 90.00 |
Functional Layers | Requirements | Efficiency |
---|---|---|
Layer of high-energy wear-resistant material cBNCoMo |
|
|
Layer of high-entropy material AlCoCrCuFeNi |
|
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Base (Superalloy Hastelloy X(NiCrFeMo) |
|
|
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Rusinov, P.; Blednova, Z.; Rusinova, A.; Kurapov, G.; Semadeni, M. Development and Research of New Hybrid Composites in Order to Increase Reliability and Durability of Structural Elements. Metals 2023, 13, 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071177
Rusinov P, Blednova Z, Rusinova A, Kurapov G, Semadeni M. Development and Research of New Hybrid Composites in Order to Increase Reliability and Durability of Structural Elements. Metals. 2023; 13(7):1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071177
Chicago/Turabian StyleRusinov, Peter, Zhesfina Blednova, Anastasia Rusinova, George Kurapov, and Maxim Semadeni. 2023. "Development and Research of New Hybrid Composites in Order to Increase Reliability and Durability of Structural Elements" Metals 13, no. 7: 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13071177