FEM Simulation on First-Step Drawing Process of Platinum-Clad Nickel Bars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Geometrical Model
- (1)
- The drawing dies were assumed to be rigid materials, and platinum tube and nickel bar were assumed to be plastic materials.
- (2)
- Platinum tube and nickel bar were assumed to be axisymmetric and did not have any defects. One quarter of the cross-section of the platinum tube, nickel bar and drawing die are selected to build the model for analysis.
- (3)
- The materials follow an isotropic hardening flow rule.
- (4)
- The drawing die is simplified into four areas: lubrication cone, work cone, calibrating strap and exit cone.
3. Simulation Results and Analysis
3.1. The Effect of α and T on Drawing Load
3.2. The Effect of α and T on Equivalent Stress
3.3. The Effect of α and T on Axial Equivalent Stress Distribution
3.4. The Effect of α and T on Radial Equivalent Stress Distribution
3.5. The Effect of α and T on Cladding Condition
3.6. The Effect of α and T on Damage
4. Confirmation Experiment
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The influence of semi-angle on first-step drawing process: The drawing load tends to decrease and the damage value increases with the increase in semi-angle, while the semi-angle has little effect upon the equivalent stress on the platinum tube. Therefore, in order to minimize damage to the platinum tube, a smaller semi-angle (3°) should be used.
- (2)
- The influence of wall thickness of platinum tubes on first-step drawing process: The drawing load increases with the increase in the wall thickness of the platinum tubes, as does the equivalent stress and the damage value on the platinum tube. Therefore, a smaller wall thickness of platinum tubes (0.275 mm) should be used.
- (3)
- After first-step drawing, there are still gaps between the platinum tube and the nickel bar. When the platinum tube is thick, due to the high pulling force, it will cause secondary separation between the platinum layer and the nickel rod, which will cause more serious damage to the platinum tube. Therefore, a smaller wall thickness of platinum tubes (0.275 mm) should be used.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Forming Conditions | |||
---|---|---|---|
Diameter of the nickel bar, Dn[mm] | 6.95 | ||
Inner diameter of the platinum tube, Di[mm] | 7.00 | ||
The thickness of the original platinum tube wall, T[mm] | 0.275, 0.300, 0.325 | ||
Calibrating strap diameter, Dc[mm] | 7.50 | ||
Calibrating strap length, [mm] | 3 | ||
Semi-angle of the die, | 3, 5, 7 | ||
Drawing speed, ν [mm/s] | 5 | ||
The friction between the platinum tube and the die, μ1 | 0.2 | ||
The friction between the platinum tube and the die, μ2 | 0.3 | ||
Material conditions | |||
Material conditions | Platinum tube | Nickel bar | Drawing die |
Material | Platinum | Nickel | AISI H13 |
Object type | Plastic | Plastic | rigid |
Young’s modulus, E [GPa] | 169 | 207 | - |
Poisson’s ratio, | 0.334 | 0.31 | - |
Power law [MPa] | [32] | [33] | - |
Number of elements | 80,000 | 50,000 | - |
Simulation Experiment Number | Semi-Angle (α) | Thickness of Platinum Tube Wall (T) |
---|---|---|
° | mm | |
1 | 3 | 0.275 |
2 | 3 | 0.300 |
3 | 3 | 0.325 |
4 | 5 | 0.275 |
5 | 5 | 0.300 |
6 | 5 | 0.325 |
7 | 7 | 0.275 |
8 | 7 | 0.300 |
9 | 7 | 0.325 |
Materials | Inner Diameter/mm | Wall Thickness/mm | Diameter/mm | Length/mm | Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Platinum tube 1 | 7.0 | 0.278 | - | 12.5 | 1 |
Platinum tube 2 | 7.0 | 0.32 | - | 12.5 | 1 |
Nickel bar | - | - | 6.95 | 25 | 2 |
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Chen, Y.; Yang, M.; Hu, J.; Zhang, J.; Yang, Y.; Xie, M. FEM Simulation on First-Step Drawing Process of Platinum-Clad Nickel Bars. Metals 2023, 13, 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081462
Chen Y, Yang M, Hu J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Xie M. FEM Simulation on First-Step Drawing Process of Platinum-Clad Nickel Bars. Metals. 2023; 13(8):1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081462
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yongtai, Mingxiang Yang, Jieqiong Hu, Jiming Zhang, Youcai Yang, and Ming Xie. 2023. "FEM Simulation on First-Step Drawing Process of Platinum-Clad Nickel Bars" Metals 13, no. 8: 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081462