Recovery of Silver and Lead from Jarosite Residues by Roasting and Reducing Pyrometallurgical Processes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Thermodynamic Modeling
2.5. Leaching
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. TGA Results
3.2. XRD Results at High Temperature
3.3. Reduction Experiments
3.4. Thermodynamic Analysis
- (a)
- The metallic phase consists mainly of molten lead with small amounts of silver, iron, and zinc.
- (b)
- Most of the zinc and iron remain in the slag phase, which consists mainly of silicate species and magnetite.
- (c)
- The CaSO4 content in the roasted jarosite considerably affects the formation of the lead-rich metallic phase (bullion). The increase in the CaSO4 content led to a decrease in the metallic phase.
- (d)
- The high CaSO4 content also required an increased use of reducing agent gas to form the metallic phase.
3.5. Results of the Reduction Experiments
3.6. Leaching Results
4. Conclusions
- ▪
- The jarosite residues were decomposed at 700 °C into Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and CaSO4.
- ▪
- A mixture of 48 mass percent CaO and 52 mass percent SiO2 was used as a flux for the roasted residue to obtain a completely liquid system. In addition to the fluxes, a reducing gas with a molar ratio of 70/30 CO/CO2 was introduced into the molten system to obtain a slag and a lead-rich metallic phase.
- ▪
- Lead and silver were almost completely recovered in this process, while zinc and iron remained in the slag.
- ▪
- The presence of CaSO4 in the system influences the amount of the lead-rich metallic phase. A high CaSO4 content requires the addition of a larger amount of reducing agent to produce the metallic phase.
- ▪
- The slag resulting from the reduction process meets environmental specifications and could be used as a raw material in other industries.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | O | Ca | Zn | Fe | S | Si | Na | Mg | Pb | As | Ag (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mass% | 47.75 | 12.65 | 4.19 | 11.05 | 17.2 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 0.18 | 3.57 | 0.23 | 144 |
Test Number | Reduction Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Reduction Gas Flow (mL/min) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 40 | 1400 | 150 |
2 | 60 | 1400 | 150 |
3 | 80 | 1400 | 150 |
4 | 100 | 1400 | 150 |
Test Number | Mass Bullion (g) | %Ag | %Fe | %Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.31 | 0.376 | 0.064 | 0.053 |
2 | 0.43 | 0.382 | 0.072 | 0.065 |
3 | 0.51 | 0.403 | 0.088 | 0.092 |
4 | 0.51 | 0.410 | 0.089 | 0.091 |
Ag, mg/L | Pb, mg/L | Zn, mg/L | |
---|---|---|---|
NOM-053-SEMARNAT-1993 | 5 max. | 5 max. | – |
Jarosite residue | 7.4 | 16.7 | 11,300 |
Slag (test number 3) | 0.04 | 3.2 | 26 |
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Jiménez-Lugos, C.; Flores-Favela, M.; Romero-Serrano, A.; Hernández-Ramírez, A.; López-Rodríguez, J.; Cuéllar-Herrera, L.; Colin-García, E. Recovery of Silver and Lead from Jarosite Residues by Roasting and Reducing Pyrometallurgical Processes. Metals 2024, 14, 954. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080954
Jiménez-Lugos C, Flores-Favela M, Romero-Serrano A, Hernández-Ramírez A, López-Rodríguez J, Cuéllar-Herrera L, Colin-García E. Recovery of Silver and Lead from Jarosite Residues by Roasting and Reducing Pyrometallurgical Processes. Metals. 2024; 14(8):954. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080954
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez-Lugos, Cancio, Manuel Flores-Favela, Antonio Romero-Serrano, Aurelio Hernández-Ramírez, Josué López-Rodríguez, Lorena Cuéllar-Herrera, and Eduardo Colin-García. 2024. "Recovery of Silver and Lead from Jarosite Residues by Roasting and Reducing Pyrometallurgical Processes" Metals 14, no. 8: 954. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14080954