Recent Progress on Atmospheric Corrosion of Field-Exposed Magnesium Alloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Magnesium Alloys Advantages and Prospects
1.2. Limitations and Improvements in Magnesium Alloys
2. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloys in Different Atmospheres
2.1. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloys in Marine Atmospheric Environments
2.2. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloys in Industrial Atmospheres
3. Conclusions
- (1)
- The effects of temperature, relative humidity, and chloride concentration on the corrosion of magnesium alloys are more significant in marine atmospheric environments. Temperature increases the kinetics of the chemical reaction, and the corrosion intensity increases as the temperature rises, and as the relative humidity increases, the thicker the molecular layer of liquid film on the surface of the magnesium alloys, the less protective the layer of corrosion products becomes. The effect of relative humidity is more significant than that of temperature. Chlorides usually cause localized corrosion and pitting on the surface of magnesium alloys. In coastal areas, large amounts of chloride ions migrate and settle on the surface of magnesium alloys, providing high opportunity for electrochemical reactions. However, CO2 can neutralize the cathodic zone, leading to a decrease in cathodic activity, inhibiting the long-term atmospheric corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys.
- (2)
- Compared with static atmospheric exposure experiments, magnesium alloys suffer the most severe corrosion in dynamic marine atmospheric environments. The extreme harsh environment of sea navigation, including periodic dry/wet alternation, and the large amount of chloride ions carried by sea winds and waves, cause serious damage to magnesium alloys. However, there are only a few studies on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys in dynamic marine atmospheric environments and more dynamic atmospheric corrosion research is needed.
- (3)
- In industrial atmospheres, SO2 and dust particles affect the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. SO2 increases the corrosion process and has a synergistic effect with soluble salts on atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloys. Dust particles can accelerate the corrosion process of Mg by reducing the localized critical relative humidity on dust-contaminated surfaces. However, there is relatively little research on the industrial or urban atmospheric environment, and the research prospects are relatively broad.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Exposed Locations | Magnesium Alloy Types | Exposure Time | Environmental Parameters | Corrosion Depth | Corrosion Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xisha (China) [27] | AZ31 | 2 years | Temp: 27 °C RH: 77% Cl−: 64.39 mg/m2 d pH: 6.5 | − | 17.66 μm/a |
Nansha (China) [28] | Mg-1.5Nd | 2 years | Temp: 28~30 °C Rainfall: 2800 mm/a | 103.4 μm | 51.70 μm/a |
Mg-1.0Nd | 138.6 μm | 69.30 μm/a | |||
Mg-0.5Nd | 167.4 μm | 83.70 μm/a | |||
Xiamen (China) [29] | AZ91D | 6 months | Temp: 14~28 °C RH: 64~80% | − | 6.55 μm/a |
AM60 | − | 6.93 μm/a | |||
ZE41 | − | 6.61 μm/a | |||
Zhongshan station (Antarctica) [30] | AZ31B | 2 years | Temp: −9.9 °C RH: 62.5% Lowest temp: −36.4 °C | 24.3 μm | 11.13 μm/a |
Shimizu (Japan) [16,31] | AZ31B | 3 years | Temp: 15~27 °C Temp: 8~29 °C RH: 58~84% Cl−: 4.2 mg/m2·d : 0.7 mg/m2·d | − | 46.82 μm/a |
Choshi (Japan) [32] | AZ91D | 5 years | Temp: 15.1 °C RH: 79% Cl−: 17.2 mg/m2·d SO2: 2.1 mg/m2·d | 43.6 μm | 3.16 μm/a |
Miyakojima (Japan) [32] | AZ91D | 5 years | Temp: 23.8 °C RH: 80% Cl−: 40 mg/m2·d SO2: 1.2 mg/m2·d | 63.6 μm | 2.11 μm/a |
Brest (France) [33] | AZ91D | 12 months | Temp: 12.5 °C RH: 84% Cl−: 42.5 mg/L pH: 6.1 | − | 4.20 μm/a |
AM50 | − | 8.80 μm/a | |||
Texas (United States) [34] | AZ91D | − | − | − | 19.2 μm/a |
Research Vessel KEXUE [35,36,37] | AZ31 | 2 years | Temp: −0.9~33.1 °C RH: 18~97% Cl−: 64~1130 mg/m2·d Wind speed: 5.2 m/s | Deepest: 276.3 μm | 52.23 μm/a |
AZ91 | 2 years | Temp: 0~31 °C RH: 34~94% Cl−: 110~530 mg/m2·d | Deepest: 196.9 μm | 32.50 μm/a | |
EW75 | 3 months | Temp: 25.9 °C RH: 77.7% Cl−: 413.65 mg/m2·d Wind speed: 5.23 m/s | 150.3 μm | 90.30 μm/a |
Exposed Locations | Magnesium Alloy Types | Exposure Time | Environmental Parameters | Corrosion Depth | Corrosion Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shenyang (China) [46] | AZ80 | 12 months | Temp: 9.18 °C RH: 62.96% Rainfall: 916.2 mm/a | − | 2.95 μm/a |
EW75 | − | 11 μm/a | |||
Shenyang (China) [47] | EW75 | 12 months | Temp: 9.18 °C RH: 62.96% Rainfall: 916.2 mm/a | − | 15 μm/a |
Taiyuan (China) [48] | AM60 | 12 months | RH: 55% SO2: 18~106 μg/m3 NO2: 25~39 μg/m3 PM10: 73~113 μg/m3 | 8.5–28.6 μm * | 0.8 μm/a |
Jiangjin (China) [49] | AZ61 | 2 months | SO2: 256.5 μg/m3 NO2: 380 μg/m3 H2S: 21.20 mg/m2·d SO3: 93.83 mg/m2·d pH: 4.77 | 1.41 μm | 8.5 μm/a |
Beijing (China) [50] | AZ91D | 85 days | Temp: 11.6 °C RH: 57% Rainfall: 586.0 mm/a SO2: 48~80 mg/m3 CO2: 45~49 mg/m3 NO2: 28~43 mg/m3 | − | 10 μm/a |
Stockholm (Sweden) [33] | AZ91D | 12 months | Temp: 8.3 °C RH: 76% Cl−: 2.2 mg/L pH: 5.2 | − | 1.8 μm/a |
Osaka City (Japan) [31] | AZ31B | 12 months | Temp: 5~29 °C RH: 54~72% Cl−: 1.1 mg/m2·d : 3.4 mg/m2·d | − | 24.2 μm/a |
Component | Concentration/(mg·L−1) |
---|---|
Sulfuric acid (96%) | 31.85 |
Nitric acid (70%) | 15.75 |
Sodium nitrate | 21.25 |
Ammonium sulfate | 46.20 |
Sodium sulfate | 31.95 |
Sodium chloride | 84.85 |
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Wang, M.; Yang, L.; Liu, H.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Huang, Y. Recent Progress on Atmospheric Corrosion of Field-Exposed Magnesium Alloys. Metals 2024, 14, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091000
Wang M, Yang L, Liu H, Wang X, Li Y, Huang Y. Recent Progress on Atmospheric Corrosion of Field-Exposed Magnesium Alloys. Metals. 2024; 14(9):1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091000
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Mengqi, Lihui Yang, Hao Liu, Xiutong Wang, Yantao Li, and Yanliang Huang. 2024. "Recent Progress on Atmospheric Corrosion of Field-Exposed Magnesium Alloys" Metals 14, no. 9: 1000. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14091000