Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedure
2.3. Analytical Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Tentative Experiment
3.1.1. Alkaline Sintering
3.1.2. Water Immersion
3.1.3. Acid Leaching
3.2. Validation Experiment
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-1 | 35.69 | 29.84 | 9.43 | 0.2 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
Y-1 | 37.53 | 31.88 | 6.89 | 0.2 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.17 |
SD | 0.92 | 1.02 | 1.27 | 0 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.025 |
Sample | MnO | TiO2 | P2O5 | REE (μg/g) | Ga (μg/g) | Nb (μg/g) | |
T-1 | 0.023 | 2.58 | 0.062 | 1515 | 77 | 215 | |
Y-1 | 0.01 | 2.97 | 0.051 | 1585 | 86 | 225 | |
SD | 0.009 | 0.276 | 0.008 | 49.5 | 6.36 | 7.07 |
Sample No. | Al | Ga | Nb | REE |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43.13 | 63.67 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
2 | 42.77 | 66.97 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
3 | 42.92 | 70.65 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
4 | 44.53 | 60.82 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
5 | 42.92 | 71.11 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
6 | 39.18 | 64.98 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
7 | 41.07 | 68.85 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
8 | 40.48 | 54.97 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
9 | 40.83 | 58.93 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Average | 41.98 | 64.55 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Standard Deviation | 1.58 | 5.19 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Level | A | B/°C | C/h | D/mol/L |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 mL:1 g | 40 | 2 | 4 |
2 | 30 mL:1 g | 60 | 4 | 6 |
3 | 40 mL:1 g | 80 | 6 | 8 |
Sample No. | Factors | Leaching Efficiency | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 85.56 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 84.97 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 83.65 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 71.82 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 79.82 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 80.71 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 81.79 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 84.59 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 80.85 |
Іj | 254.18 | 239.17 | 250.86 | 246.23 | |
ІІj | 232.35 | 249.38 | 237.64 | 247.47 | |
Шj | 247.23 | 245.21 | 245.26 | 240.06 | |
Kj | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Ij/Kj | 84.73 | 79.72 | 83.62 | 82.08 | |
ІІj/Kj | 77.45 | 83.13 | 79.21 | 82.49 | |
Шj/Kj | 82.41 | 81.74 | 81.75 | 80.02 | |
Dj | 7.28 | 3.40 | 4.41 | 2.47 |
Sample No. | Factors | Leaching Efficiency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 83.48 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 84.62 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 80.94 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 77.11 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 78.57 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 80.42 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 82.59 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 87.12 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 77.38 |
Іj | 249.04 | 243.18 | 251.02 | 239.43 | |
ІІj | 236.10 | 250.31 | 239.11 | 247.63 | |
Шj | 247.09 | 238.74 | 242.10 | 245.17 | |
Kj | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Ij/Kj | 83.01 | 81.06 | 83.67 | 79.81 | |
ІІj/Kj | 78.70 | 83.44 | 79.70 | 82.54 | |
Шj/Kj | 82.36 | 79.58 | 80.70 | 81.72 | |
Dj | 4.31 | 3.86 | 3.97 | 2.73 |
Sample No. | Factors | Leaching Efficiency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3.2 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.01 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.46 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6.87 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1.36 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2.88 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3.32 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11.02 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.74 |
Ij | 6.67 | 13.39 | 17.10 | 6.30 | |
ІІj | 11.11 | 13.39 | 9.62 | 7.21 | |
Шj | 16.08 | 7.08 | 7.14 | 20.35 | |
Kj | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Ij/Kj | 2.22 | 4.46 | 5.70 | 2.10 | |
ІІj/Kj | 3.70 | 4.46 | 3.21 | 2.40 | |
Шj/Kj | 5.36 | 2.36 | 2.38 | 6.78 | |
Dj | 3.14 | 2.10 | 3.32 | 4.68 |
Experiment Step | REE | Ga | Nb |
---|---|---|---|
Water immersion | <0.4 | 67.31 | <1 |
Acid leaching | 85.81 | 79.71 | <1 |
Total leaching | 85.81 | 93.37 | <1 |
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Zou, J.; Tian, H.; Wang, Z. Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing. Metals 2017, 7, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7050174
Zou J, Tian H, Wang Z. Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing. Metals. 2017; 7(5):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7050174
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Jianhua, Heming Tian, and Zhen Wang. 2017. "Leaching Process of Rare Earth Elements, Gallium and Niobium in a Coal-Bearing Strata-Hosted Rare Metal Deposit—A Case Study from the Late Permian Tuff in the Zhongliangshan Mine, Chongqing" Metals 7, no. 5: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7050174