Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Device Structure of PSCs
2.1. Perovskite Materials
2.2. Device Structure of PSCs
3. Methodologies for Efficient PSCs
3.1. Optimization for Chemical Composition of Perovskite
3.2. Forming High-Quality Perovskite Films by Passivating Grain Boundaries (GBs)
3.3. Modification of Interface
4. Analysis and Recent Progress of Stable PSCs
4.1. Moisture and Oxygen Stability
4.2. Thermal Stability
4.3. UV Stability
5. Routes toward Low-Cost PSCs
5.1. Replacement of Costly Organic Hole-Transporting Materials and Hole-Conductor-Free PSCs
5.2. Carbon Electrode for PSCs
5.3. Scalable Deposition Methods
5.3.1. Doctor-Blade Coating
5.3.2. Slot-Die Coating
5.3.3. Spray Coating
5.3.4. Inkjet Printing and Screen Printing
5.3.5. Vapor-Phase Deposition
6. Summary and Future Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Perovskite Material | Device Structure | PCE/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/PTAA/Au | 18.4% | [21] |
FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 | FTO/compact TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 16.21% | [22] |
FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 | FTO/compact TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 16.5% | [23] |
Cs0.2FA0.8PbI2.84Br0.16 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 17.35% | [24] |
Mixed perovskite (PbI2: FAI = 1.05) | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 20.8% | [25] |
(FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/DM/Au | 22.6% | [26] |
Csx(MA0.17FA0.83)100−xPb(I0.83Br0.17)3 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 21.17% | [28] |
Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 19.3% | [29] |
(RbCsMAFA)PbI3 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA/Au | 20.6% | [30] |
Rb0.05FA0.95PbI3 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 17.16% | [31] |
Additive | Device Structure | PCE/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
PbI2 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite(excess PbI2)/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 19% | [39] |
MAI | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite(excess MAI)/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 20.4% | [43] |
HMTA | ITO/ZnO/HMTA–perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 17.87% | [46] |
AQ310 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/AQ310–perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 19.43% | [48] |
PCBM | ITO/TABC/PCBM–perovskite/PCBM/Al | 15.7% | [50] |
PEA+ | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 17.1% | [51] |
NCDs | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite(@NCDs)/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 15.93% | [52] |
Interlayer | Device Structure | PCE/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Al2O3/NiO | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/Al2O3/NiO/perovskite-NiO/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 18.14% | [55] |
ZnS | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/ZnS/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 14.9% | [56] |
APMS | FTO/compact TiO2/APMS/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 15.79% | [57] |
Benzenethiol | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/benzenethiol/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 20.2% | [58] |
PMMA | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/PMMA/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 18.1% | [59] |
Alkali metals | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2–alkali metal/perovskite/Au | 21.1% | [60] |
PTMA–BP | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTMA–BP/perovskite/PCBM/AL | 15% | [61] |
PFN | ITO/PTPD/PFN/perovskite/PCBM/Al | 17% | [62] |
Additive/Method | Device Structure | Stability | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Polystyrene | ITO/PTAA:F4-TCNQ/perovskite/insulating layer/C60/BCP/Al | [73] | |
ZrAcac | ITO/NiOx/perovskite/PCBM/ZrAcac/Ag | 83.6% of its initial value over 30 days (50 ± 5 RH%) | [74] |
Benzylamine | FTO/compact TiO2/BA–perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 2900 h (50 ± 5 RH%) | [75] |
VNPB | FTO/TiO2–PCBM/perovskite/VNPB-MoO3/Au | 30 days (70 RH% and elevated temperatures) | [76] |
Replacing cation | ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Al | 30 min (180 °C) | [78] |
Replacing cation | FTO/compact TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 60 min (150 °C) | [79] |
Mixing cations | FTO/SnO2–PCBM/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 6 h (130 °C) | [80] |
Removing TiO2 | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-Al2O3/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 1000 h (full spectrum simulated sunlight) | [95] |
Removing TiO2 | AZO/Ga–SnO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 1000 h (full spectrum simulated sunlight) | [97] |
Removing TiO2 | FTO/TiS2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 50 h (UV light) | [98] |
Removing TiO2 | ITO/HTL/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag | 200 min (UV light) | [99] |
Blocking the UV | FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2–SM/perovskite/HTM/Au | 1000 h (UV light) | [100] |
Blocking the UV | down-conversion layer/FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 100 h (UV light) | [101] |
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Zhang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X.; Wei, L.; Zhang, B.; Sun, Y.; Hai, G.; Li, Y. Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells. Metals 2018, 8, 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110964
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wei L, Zhang B, Sun Y, Hai G, Li Y. Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells. Metals. 2018; 8(11):964. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110964
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yue, Haiming Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Lijuan Wei, Biao Zhang, Yuxuan Sun, Guangyuan Hai, and Yujie Li. 2018. "Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells" Metals 8, no. 11: 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110964