Effects of Solution Treating on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Heavily Deformed New Biocompatible Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Effect of Thermomechanical Processing upon Microstructure Evolution
3.2. The Effect of Thermomechanical Processing upon Mechanical Characteristics’ Evolution
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Okazaki, Y.; Rao, S.; Ito, Y.; Tateishi, T. Corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, corrosion fatigue strength and cytocompatibility of new Ti alloys without Al and V. Biomaterials 1998, 19, 1197–1215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Niinomi, M.; Nakai, M.; Hieda, J. Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 2012, 8, 3888–3903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Geetha, M.; Singh, A.K.; Asokamani, R.; Gogia, A.K. Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants—A review. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2009, 54, 397–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Datta, S.; Mahfouf, M.; Zhang, Q.; Chattopadhyay, P.P.; Sultana, N. Imprecise knowledge based design and development of titanium alloys for prosthetic applications. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2016, 53, 350–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Elias, C.N.; Fernandes, D.J.; Resende, C.R.S.; Roestel, J. Mechanical properties, surface morphology and stability of a modified commercially pure high strength titanium alloy for dental implants. Dent. Mater. 2015, 31, e1–e13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Grandin, H.M.; Berner, S.; Dard, M. A review of Titanium Zirconium (TiZr) alloys for use in endosseous dental implants. Materials 2012, 5, 1348–1360. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brailovski, V.; Prokoshkin, S.; Gauthier, M.; Inaekyan, K.; Dubinskiy, S.; Petrzhik, M.; Filonov, M. Bulk and porous metastable beta Ti-Nb-Zr(Ta) alloys for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2011, 31, 643–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.F.; Yi, D.Q.; Liu, H.Q.; Wang, B.; Yang, F.L. Age-hardening behavior, microstructural evolution and grain growth kinetics of isothermal ω phase of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Fe alloy for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2011, 529, 326–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ionita, D.; Grecu, M.; Dilea, M.; Cojocaru, V.D.; Demetrescu, I. Processing Ti-25Ta-5Zr bioalloy via anodic oxidation procedure at high voltage. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 2011, 42, 1352–1357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eckert, J.; Das, J.; Xu, W.; Theissmann, R. Nanoscale mechanism and intrinsic structure related deformation of Ti-alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2008, 493, 71–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, W.; Kim, K.B.; Das, J.; Calin, M.; Eckert, J. Phase stability and its effect on the deformation behavior of Ti-Nb-Ta-In/Cr β alloys. Scr. Mater. 2006, 54, 1943–1948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, W.; Kim, K.B.; Das, J.; Calin, M.; Rellinghaus, B.; Eckert, J. Deformation-induced nanostructuring in a Ti-Nb-Ta-In β alloy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 031906. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, S.J.; Cui, T.C.; Li, Y.L.; Hao, Y.L.; Yang, R. Ultrafine-grained β-type titanium alloy with nonlinear elasticity and high ductility. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 92, 043128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhu, Y.T.; Lowe, T.C.; Langdon, T.G. Performance and applications of nanostructured materials produced by severe plastic deformation. Scr. Mater. 2004, 51, 825–830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tane, M.; Akita, S.; Nakano, T.; Hagihara, K.; Umakoshi, Y.; Niinomi, M.; Mori, H.; Nakajima, H. Low Young’s modulus of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys caused by softening in shear moduli c′ and c44 near lower limit of body-centered cubic phase stability. Acta Mater. 2010, 58, 6790–6798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cai, M.H.; Lee, C.Y.; Kang, S.; Lee, Y.K. Fine-grained structure fabricated by strain-induced martensite and its reverse transformations in a metastable β titanium alloy. Scr. Mater. 2011, 64, 1098–1101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azushima, A.; Kopp, R.; Korhonen, A.; Yang, D.Y.; Micari, F.; Lahoti, G.D.; Groche, P.; Yanagimoto, J.; Tsuji, N.; Rosochowski, A.; et al. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes for metals. CIRP Ann. 2008, 57, 716–735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ivasishin, O.M.; Markovsky, P.E.; Matviychuk, Y.V.; Semiatin, S.L.; Ward, C.H.; Fox, S. A comparative study of the mechanical properties of high-strength β-titanium alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 2008, 457, 296–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.F.; Yi, D.Q.; Liu, H.Q.; Wu, X.Y.; Wang, B.; Yang, F.L. Effects of cold deformation on microstructure, texture evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Fe alloy for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2012, 547, 64–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Ma, M.; Shu, Y.; Hu, W.; Liu, R.; Tian, Y.; Yu, D. Preparation of pure α″-phase titanium alloys with low moduli via high pressure solution treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 2017, 695, 45–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cojocaru, V.D.; Raducanu, D.; Gloriant, T.; Gordin, D.M.; Cinca, I. Effects of cold-rolling deformation on texture evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-29Nb-9Ta-10Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2013, 586, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nocivin, A.; Cojocaru, V.D.; Raducanu, D.; Cinca, I.; Angelescu, M.L.; Dan, I.; Serban, N.; Cojocaru, M. Finding an Optimal Thermo-Mechanical Processing Scheme for a Gum-Type Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O Alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 2017, 26, 4373–4380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, F.; Nowak, S.; Gloriant, T.; Laheurte, P.; Eberhardt, A.; Prima, F. Influence of a short thermal treatment on the superelastic properties of a titanium-based alloy. Scr. Mater. 2010, 63, 1053–1056. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.Y.; Sasaki, T.; Okutsu, K.; Kim, J.I.; Inamura, T.; Hosoda, H.; Miyazaki, S. Texture and shape memory behavior of Ti-22Nb-6Ta alloy. Acta Mater. 2006, 54, 423–433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Castany, P.; Yang, Y.; Bertrand, E.; Gloriant, T. Reversion of a parent {130}<310>α’’ martensitic twinning system at the origin of {332}<113>β twins observed in metastable β titanium alloys. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 117, 245501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cojocaru, V.D.; Raducanu, D.; Gordin, D.M.; Cinca, I. Texture evolution during ARB (Accumulative Roll Bonding) processing of Ti-10Zr-5Nb-5Ta alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 2013, 546, 260–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsumoto, H.; Watanabe, S.; Hanada, S. Microstructures and mechanical properties of metastable β TiNbSn alloys cold rolled and heat treated. J. Alloys Compd. 2007, 439, 146–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Talling, R.J.; Dashwood, R.J.; Jackson, M.; Dye, D. On the mechanism of superelasticity in Gum metal. Acta Mater. 2009, 57, 1188–1198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ivasishin, O.M.; Markovsky, P.E.; Matviychuk, Y.V.; Semiatin, S.L. Precipitation and recrystallization behavior of beta titanium alloys during continuous heat treatment. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2003, 34, 147–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sadeghpour, S.; Abbasi, S.M.; Morakabati, M.; Bruschi, S. Correlation between alpha phase morphology and tensile properties of a new beta titanium alloy. Mater. Des. 2017, 121, 24–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hayama, A.O.F.; Lopes, J.F.S.C.; Gomes da Silva, M.J.; Abreu, H.F.G.; Caram, R. Crystallographic texture evolution in Ti-35Nb alloy deformed by cold rolling. Mater. Des. 2014, 60, 653–660. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Long, M.; Rack, H.J. Titanium alloys in total joint replacement—A materials science perspective. Biomaterials 1998, 19, 1621–1639. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weaver, J.S.; Kalidindi, S.R. Mechanical characterization of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at multiple length scales using spherical indentation stress-strain measurements. Mater. Des. 2016, 111, 463–472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Lu, W.; Qin, J.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, D. Microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled TiNbTaZr biomedical β titanium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2008, 490, 421–426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Kent, D.; Wang, G.; St John, D.; Dargusch, M. An investigation of the mechanical behaviour of fine tubes fabricated from a Ti-25Nb-3Mo-3Zr-2Sn alloy. Mater. Des. 2015, 85, 256–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salem, A.A.; Kalidindi, S.R.; Doherty, R.D. Strain-hardening of titanium: Role of deformation twinning. Acta Mater. 2003, 51, 4225–4237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Niinomi, M. Recent research and development in titanium alloys for biomedical applications and healthcare goods. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2003, 4, 445–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Niinomi, M. Biologically and mechanically biocompatible titanium alloys. Mater. Trans. 2008, 49, 2170–2178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ishimoto, T.; Hagihara, K.; Hisamoto, K.; Sun, S.H.; Nakano, T. Crystallographic texture control of beta-type Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy by selective laser melting for the development of novel implants with a biocompatible low Young’s modulus. Scr. Mater. 2017, 132, 34–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Okulov, I.V.; Volegov, A.S.; Attar, H.; Bönisch, M.; Ehtemam-Haghighi, S.; Calin, M.; Eckert, J. Composition optimization of low modulus and high-strength TiNb-based alloys for biomedical applications. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2017, 65, 866–871. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Element | Weight % | Atomic % | Net Int. | Rel. Err. % | K Ratio | Z | R | A | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZrL | 6.22 | 3.82 | 430.55 | 4.37 | 0.0528 | 0.9365 | 1.0940 | 0.8830 | 1.0266 |
NbL | 23.36 | 14.09 | 1675.06 | 2.62 | 0.2042 | 0.9411 | 1.1002 | 0.9119 | 1.0187 |
TiK | 68.64 | 80.30 | 8303.14 | 2.46 | 0.6142 | 1.0292 | 0.9703 | 0.8550 | 1.0168 |
FeK | 1.78 | 1.79 | 134.05 | 12.07 | 0.0150 | 1.0246 | 0.9959 | 0.7900 | 1.0425 |
Element | Weight % | Atomic % | Net Int. | Rel. Err. % | K Ratio | Z | R | A | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZrL | 5.17 | 3.23 | 337.60 | 4.73 | 0.0441 | 0.9389 | 1.0901 | 0.8857 | 1.0275 |
NbL | 27.30 | 16.74 | 1853.70 | 2.36 | 0.2409 | 0.9435 | 1.0964 | 0.9189 | 1.0175 |
TiK | 65.90 | 78.37 | 7392.17 | 2.61 | 0.5824 | 1.0320 | 0.9673 | 0.8421 | 1.0170 |
FeK | 1.63 | 1.66 | 115.75 | 13.22 | 0.0138 | 1.0276 | 0.9930 | 0.7914 | 1.0434 |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cojocaru, V.D.; Șerban, N. Effects of Solution Treating on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Heavily Deformed New Biocompatible Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe Alloy. Metals 2018, 8, 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8050297
Cojocaru VD, Șerban N. Effects of Solution Treating on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Heavily Deformed New Biocompatible Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe Alloy. Metals. 2018; 8(5):297. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8050297
Chicago/Turabian StyleCojocaru, Vasile Dănuț, and Nicolae Șerban. 2018. "Effects of Solution Treating on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of a Heavily Deformed New Biocompatible Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe Alloy" Metals 8, no. 5: 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8050297