Effect of the Parameters of Semi-Solid Processing on the Elimination of Sharp-Edged Primary Chromium Carbides from Tool Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Programme
2.1. Experimental Material
2.2. Determination of Semi-Solid Processing Parameters
2.3. Semi-Solid Processing and Subsequent Thermomechanical Treatment
2.4. Methods of Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Evolution and Process Parameters
3.2. Microstructure Observation Using Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.3. Micro-Tensile Test (M-TT)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Cr | Mn | Si | Ni | P | S | HV10 (–) | BCC-Fe | Cr7C3 | Fe3C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.8 | 11 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 max | 0.03 max | 0.01 max | 220 | 70 | 6 | 24 |
JMatPro | Thermo-Calc | DSC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsolidus (°C) | Tliquidus (°C) | Tsolidus (°C) | Tliquidus (°C) | Tsolidus (°C) | Tliquidus (°C) |
1225 | 1373 | 1245 | 1376 | 1237 | 1416 |
Regime | Soaking Temp. (°C) | Time at Temp. (min) | Forging Temp. (°C) | Time at Temp. (min) | Number of Def. Steps | Cooling Medium | Tempering Temp. (°C)/Time (min) | HV10 (–) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1200 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 4 | Water | - | 848 |
2 | 1220 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 4 | Water | - | 803 |
3 | 1240 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 5 | Water | - | 864 |
4 | 1280 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 5 | Water | - | 866 |
5 | 1240 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 5 | Oil 80 °C | - | 778 |
6 | 1240 | 15 | 1080 | 1.5 | 5 | Oil 80 °C | 250/60 | 677 |
7 | 960 | 20 | - | - | - | Oil 80 °C | 250/60 | 535 |
Regime No. | Process | FCC-Fe (vol. %) | BCC-Fe (vol. %) | Cr7C3 (vol. %) | Fe3C (vol. %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1200 °C/1080 °C forging/water | 13 | 56 | 17 | 14 |
2 | 1220 °C/1080 °C forging/water | 15 | 49 | 16 | 20 |
3 | 1240 °C/1080 °C forging/water | 17 | 48 | 18 | 17 |
4 | 1280 °C/1080 °C forging/water | 8 | 51 | 20 | 21 |
5 | 1240 °C/1080 °C forging/oil | 21 | 59 | 11 | 9 |
6 | 1240 °C/1080 °C forging/oil–250 °C/60 min | 24 | 48 | 17 | 6 |
7 | 960 °C/oil–250 °C/60 min | 6 | 65 | 14 | 15 |
Regime | Process | Rp0.2 (OYS) (%) | Rm (UTS) (%) | A5 (%) | Z (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | Initial condition | 541 | 676 | 16.3 | 24.8 |
5 | 1240 °C/oil | 1466 | 1985 | 1.0 | 5.8 |
7 | 960 °C/oil–250 °C/60 min | 1413 | 1810 | 1.3 | 4.5 |
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Jirková, H.; Rubešová, K.; Konopík, P.; Opatová, K. Effect of the Parameters of Semi-Solid Processing on the Elimination of Sharp-Edged Primary Chromium Carbides from Tool Steel. Metals 2018, 8, 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090713
Jirková H, Rubešová K, Konopík P, Opatová K. Effect of the Parameters of Semi-Solid Processing on the Elimination of Sharp-Edged Primary Chromium Carbides from Tool Steel. Metals. 2018; 8(9):713. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090713
Chicago/Turabian StyleJirková, Hana, Kateřina Rubešová, Pavel Konopík, and Kateřina Opatová. 2018. "Effect of the Parameters of Semi-Solid Processing on the Elimination of Sharp-Edged Primary Chromium Carbides from Tool Steel" Metals 8, no. 9: 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090713