Enhanced Fracture Strength in the Working Layer of Rolls Manufactured in Ni-Hard Cast Iron Alloyed with Mo, Nb and Mg
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions
- Inoculation with SiCa has a positive effect on the toughness of the material and seems to confirm its tendency to break up the carbide network.
- Inoculation with FeB promotes heterogeneous nucleation of the NbC, but also reduces flexural strength and does not have a significant effect on the hardness of the material.
- The addition of Mg leads to an improvement in flexural strength.
- Mo remains in solid austenite solution, favouring the hardenability of the material.
- (1)
- Set the liquidus temperature within the 1270–1275 °C range
- (2)
- Inoculate with 3 kg/T FeB
- (3)
- Inoculate with 0.6 kg/T SiCa
- (4)
- Inoculate with Mg.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | Mn | Si | S | P | Cr | Ni | Mo | Nb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.2–3.4 | 0.8–1.0 | 0.9–1.0 | <0.015 | <0.035 | 1.7–1.8 | 4.4–4.6 | 0.25 | 0.65–0.75 |
Inoculants | Base Chemistry | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si | Ca | Al | Mn | Ti | Ba | C | Bi | S | P | B | La | Fe | |
FeSi-La | 66.0 | 2.5 | 0.8 | --- | --- | 0.3 | --- | 0.3 | --- | --- | --- | 0.8 | rem. |
FeMn | 2.0 | --- | --- | 69.4 | --- | 5.8 | 0.014 | 0.130 | --- | rem. | |||
SiCa | 58.3 | 16.4 | 1.1 | 14.8 | 0.030 | 0.6 | 0.030 | 0.030 | --- | rem. | |||
FeB | 0.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.3 | --- | --- | 17.9 | rem. |
Factors | Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | Metallurgical Parameter Correspondence | Level −1 | Level +1 |
A | FeSi-La (Kg/T) | 0 | 2.7 |
B | FeB (Kg/T) | 3 | 6 |
C | Liquidus Temperature (°C) | 1250–1255 | 1270–1275 |
D | Si (%) | 0.8–0.85 | 1.1–1.15 |
E | SiCa (Kg/T) | 0.3 | 0.6 |
F | Mg (%) | 0 | 0.02 |
No. | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | –1 | –1 | –1 | +1 | +1 | +1 |
2 | +1 | –1 | –1 | –1 | –1 | +1 |
3 | –1 | +1 | –1 | –1 | +1 | –1 |
4 | +1 | +1 | –1 | +1 | –1 | –1 |
5 | –1 | –1 | +1 | +1 | –1 | –1 |
6 | +1 | –1 | +1 | –1 | +1 | –1 |
7 | –1 | +1 | +1 | –1 | –1 | +1 |
8 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 | +1 |
Generators | Confounders |
---|---|
D = AB E = AC F = BC | A + BD + CE |
B + AD + CF | |
C + AE + BF | |
D + AB + EF | |
E + AC + DF | |
F + BC + DE |
Casting Parameters | Units | Experiment Number | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||
C | % | 3.35 | 3.46 | 3.4 | 3.28 | 2.94 | 3.04 | 3.02 | 3.04 |
Mn | % | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
Si | % | 1.13 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 1.15 |
Cr | % | 1.68 | 1.68 | 1.71 | 1.64 | 1.65 | 1.71 | 1.68 | 1.71 |
Ni | % | 4.44 | 4.33 | 4.32 | 4.38 | 4.59 | 4.16 | 4.62 | 4.65 |
Mo | % | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
Nb | % | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.61 |
Mg | % | 0.005 | 0.004 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0.004 | 0.005 |
B | % | 0.032 | 0.033 | 0.071 | 0.075 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.070 | 0.071 |
La | % | -- | 0.0011 | -- | 0.0015 | -- | 0.0016 | -- | 0.0012 |
Liquidus Temperature | °C | 1252 | 1254 | 1253 | 1250 | 1273 | 1272 | 1272 | 1270 |
Spectrum | %B | %C | %Fe | %Nb | %Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 36.05 | 43.47 | 8.15 | 12.34 | -- |
2 | -- | 36.11 | 60.79 | -- | 3.10 |
3 | 45.21 | 27.29 | 20.61 | 6.88 | -- |
4 | 27.61 | 49.24 | 1.39 | 21.76 | -- |
5 | -- | 50.89 | 49.11 | -- | -- |
6 | 29.96 | 53.58 | 0.63 | 15.83 | -- |
7 | -- | 40.25 | 57.57 | -- | 2.19 |
8 | 30.30 | 67.48 | 2.22 |
a). Region I | |||||
Experiment | Charpy Test | 3-Point Bending Test | Restricted Confounding Pattern | ||
Impact Energy (J/cm2) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | ||||
Values | Effect 1 | Values | Effect 1 | ||
1 | 3.09 | 3.205 | 634.2 | 586.788 | Mean 2 |
2 | 2.53 | 0.075 | 582.8 | 50.725 | A/BD/CE |
3 | 3.11 | 0.225 | 493 | −34.275 | B/AD/CF |
4 | 2.86 | 0.615 | 614 | 11.575 | C/AE/BF |
5 | 2.97 | −0.05 | 548.3 | 25.375 | D/AB/EF |
6 | 3.78 | 0.48 | 650.4 | 15.925 | E/AC/DF |
7 | 3.5 | 0.05 | 570.2 | 20.725 | F/BC/DE |
8 | 3.8 | −0.205 | 601.4 | −60.825 | AF/BE/CD |
b). Region II | |||||
Experiment | Charpy test | 3-Point Bending Test | Restricted Confounding Pattern | ||
Impact Energy (J/cm2) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | ||||
Values | Effect 1 | Values | Effect 1 | ||
1 | 3.21 | 3.186 | 657.7 | 590.438 | Mean 2 |
2 | 2.69 | −0.182 | 621.3 | −34.225 | A/BD/CE |
3 | 3.07 | 0.002 | 479.8 | −105.025 | B/AD/CF |
4 | 2.67 | 0.552 | 480.4 | 61.275 | C/AE/BF |
5 | 3.46 | 0.117 | 627.9 | −34.525 | D/AB/EF |
6 | 3.38 | 0.277 | 664.9 | −16.325 | E/AC/DF |
7 | 3.37 | 0.082 | 664.8 | 54.375 | F/BC/DE |
8 | 3.64 | 0.057 | 526.7 | −53.025 | AF/BE/CD |
a). Region I | |||||
Experiment | Hardness (HV) | Vv Fe3C (%) | Restricted Confounding Pattern | ||
Values | Effect 1 | Values | Effect 1 | ||
1 | 592 | 584.125 | 29.31 | 23.082 | Mean 2 |
2 | 560 | −16.75 | 28.57 | −1.985 | A/BD/CE |
3 | 630 | 32.25 | 25.09 | −0.705 | B/AD/CF |
4 | 543 | 5.75 | 20.81 | −5.725 | C/AE/BF |
5 | 570 | 9.25 | 20.23 | 0.685 | D/AB/EF |
6 | 550 | 42.75 | 15.63 | 0.525 | E/AC/DF |
7 | 578 | 21.75 | 21.67 | 5.285 | F/BC/DE |
8 | 650 | 36.75 | 23.35 | 2.455 | AF/BE/CD |
b). Region II | |||||
Experiment | Hardness (HV) | Vv Fe3C (%) | Restricted Confounding Pattern | ||
Values | Effect 1 | Values | Effect 1 | ||
1 | 540 | 575.125 | 24.91 | 23.956 | Mean 2 |
2 | 607 | −3.75 | 25.90 | −0.847 | A/BD/CE |
3 | 623 | 25.75 | 27.17 | −0.392 | B/AD/CF |
4 | 521 | 4.75 | 25.4 | −3.777 | C/AE/BF |
5 | 569 | −19.25 | 23.91 | −0.332 | D/AB/EF |
6 | 533 | 13.75 | 21.89 | −0.457 | E/AC/DF |
7 | 576 | 27.25 | 21.53 | −1.272 | F/BC/DE |
8 | 632 | 62.25 | 20.94 | 1.047 | AF/BE/CD |
A\F | −1 | +1 | B\E | −1 | +1 | C\D | −1 | +1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 596 | 558 | −1 | 588 | 537 | −1 | 615 | 531 |
+1 | 527 | 619 | +1 | 576 | 628 | +1 | 555 | 601 |
A\F | −1 | +1 | B\E | −1 | +1 | C\D | −1 | +1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 26 | 23 | −1 | 25 | 23 | −1 | 27 | 25 |
+1 | 24 | 23 | +1 | 23 | 24 | +1 | 22 | 22 |
A\F | −1 | +1 | B\E | −1 | +1 | C\D | −1 | +1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 520.6 | 602.2 | −1 | 565.5 | 642.3 | −1 | 537.9 | 624.1 |
+1 | 632.2 | 592.1 | +1 | 592.1 | 547.2 | +1 | 610.3 | 574.8 |
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Cofiño-Villar, A.; Alvarez-Antolin, J.F.; Asensio-Lozano, J. Enhanced Fracture Strength in the Working Layer of Rolls Manufactured in Ni-Hard Cast Iron Alloyed with Mo, Nb and Mg. Metals 2018, 8, 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090725
Cofiño-Villar A, Alvarez-Antolin JF, Asensio-Lozano J. Enhanced Fracture Strength in the Working Layer of Rolls Manufactured in Ni-Hard Cast Iron Alloyed with Mo, Nb and Mg. Metals. 2018; 8(9):725. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090725
Chicago/Turabian StyleCofiño-Villar, Alberto, Jose Florentino Alvarez-Antolin, and Juan Asensio-Lozano. 2018. "Enhanced Fracture Strength in the Working Layer of Rolls Manufactured in Ni-Hard Cast Iron Alloyed with Mo, Nb and Mg" Metals 8, no. 9: 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090725