Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of β Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe Alloys Obtained by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The β-Ti phase was observed mainly with some residual α + β regions (β-stabilizer elements in lower concentrations) and greater β-Ti stabilization with Fe addition and sintering temperature. The nanometric ω phase was confirmed in the β-Ti phase by the TEM analysis.
- Porosity rose linearly with increasing Fe content. Adding 1.5% Fe to the alloy Ti35Nb gives an increase in porosity of 50%. When we add a greater amount of Fe, the increase is 20% compared to the previous alloy.
- Grain size increased with Fe additions and sintering temperature. β-Ti phase stabilization led to increments in grain size growth of 11%, 33% and 49% with 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% Fe additions compared with Ti35Nb10Ta; an increase between 11% and 24% was observed with sintering temperature.
- Bending strength decreased with Fe addition and followed a linear tendency, which diminished with increased porosity (%P) and grain size (µm). Fe addition brought about a slight increment between 5% and 10% in the elastic modulus (from E = 75 to 83 GPa). The compression strength (1000 MPa) and Vickers microhardness (340 HV) values remained constant for all the compositions.
- Fe addition did not prove interesting to obtain β-Ti alloys by powder metallurgy methods. Improved β-Ti stabilization was obtained but presented larger porosities due to Fe powders, which diminished the mechanical properties. The Ti35Nb10TaxFe alloy proved better with no Fe additions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | 1250 °C | 1300 °C | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
% Alpha (±1%) | % Nb (±0.02%) | % Alpha (±1%) | % Nb (±0.02%) | |
Ti35Nb10Ta | 8 | 2.63 | 4 | 2.70 |
Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe | 5 | 1.31 | 1 | 1.15 |
Ti35Nb10Ta3Fe | 2 | 1.18 | 0 | 0.51 |
Ti35Nb10Ta4.5Fe | 0 | 1.07 | 0 | 0.45 |
Composition | % Porosity | Grain Size (µm) | Density (g/cm3) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1250 °C | 1300 °C | 1250 °C | 1300 °C | 1250 °C | 1300 °C | |
Ti35Nb10Ta | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 45 ± 2 | 50 ± 2 | 5.67 ± 0.01 | 5.70 ± 0.01 |
Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 50 ± 1 | 62 ± 4 | 5.64 ± 0.02 | 5.63 ± 0.01 |
Ti35Nb10Ta3.0Fe | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.2 | 60 ± 2 | 69 ± 4 | 5.52 ± 0.02 | 5.56 ± 0.01 |
Ti35Nb10Ta4.5Fe | 11.2 ± 0.2 | 10.2 ± 0.1 | 67 ± 1 | 77 ± 2 | 5.52 ± 0.07 | 5.51 ± 0.01 |
Composition | Hardness (HV 0.3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1250 °C | 1300 °C | 1250 °C | 1300 °C | |
Ti35Nb10Ta | 341 ± 30 | 334 ± 28 | 75 ± 3 | 76 ± 1 |
Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe | 338 ± 26 | 340 ± 25 | 79 ± 2 | 77 ± 1 |
Ti35Nb10Ta3.0Fe | 340 ± 26 | 340 ± 33 | 81 ± 1 | 80 ± 1 |
Ti35Nb10Ta4.5Fe | 345 ± 25 | 331 ± 39 | 83 ± 2 | 81 ± 1 |
Composition | Bending Strength (MPa) | Compression Strength (MPa) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1250 °C | 1300 °C | 1250 °C | 1300 °C | |
Ti35Nb10Ta | 776 ± 45 | 853 ± 51 | 1000 ± 20 | 1067 ± 36 |
Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe | 669 ± 58 | 750 ± 59 | 974 ± 5 | 1059 ± 21 |
Ti35Nb10Ta3.0Fe | 615 ± 26 | 700 ± 41 | 994 ± 8 | 1040 ± 5 |
Ti35Nb10Ta4.5Fe | 544 ± 21 | 599 ± 14 | 1035 ± 6 | 1074 ± 9 |
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Amigó, A.; Vicente, A.; Afonso, C.R.M.; Amigó, V. Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of β Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe Alloys Obtained by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications. Metals 2019, 9, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010076
Amigó A, Vicente A, Afonso CRM, Amigó V. Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of β Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe Alloys Obtained by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications. Metals. 2019; 9(1):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010076
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmigó, Angélica, Angel Vicente, Conrado R. M. Afonso, and Vicente Amigó. 2019. "Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of β Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe Alloys Obtained by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Applications" Metals 9, no. 1: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010076