Nitrogen Solubility in Liquid Ni-V, Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-V, and Ni-Cr-Ta Alloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Equilibrium Time
3.2. Nitrogen Dissolution in Liquid Pure Nickel
3.3. Solubility of Nitrogen in Liquid Ni-V, Ni-Cr-V Alloys
3.4. Solubility of Nitrogen in Liquid Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-Ta Alloys
4. Discussion
4.1. Vanadium-nitrogen Interactions in Liquid Nickel
4.2. Tantalum-Nitrogen Interactions in Liquid Nickel
4.3. The Second Order Cross-Interaction Parameters
4.4. Discussion of the Effect of Alloying Elements on the Nitrogen Solubility
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Both vanadium and tantalum increase the nitrogen solubility in liquid nickel-based alloys, and vanadium has larger effects on nitrogen solubility than tantalum.
- (2)
- It was confirmed that nitrogen dissolution obeys Sieverts’ law in each alloys at 1873 K and partial pressures of nitrogen in range from 0.1 to 1.0 bar.
- (3)
- Nitrogen solubility in liquid Ni-V and Ni-Ta alloys increases with increasing temperature, this fact can be attributed to the endothermic reaction of nitrogen dissolution. However, the rising of temperature decreases the solubility of nitrogen in liquid Ni-Cr-Ta and Ni-Cr-V alloys in which the temperature dependency of the nitrogen solubility shows a transfer from positive to negative with the addition of chromium. Moreover, the enthalpies and entropies of dissolution of nitrogen in liquid pure Ni, Ni-V, Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-V, and Ni-Cr-Ta alloys were determined at 1873 K.
- (4)
- The effect of vanadium content up to 7.01 wt pct on dissolution behavior of nitrogen can be described by the first order interaction parameters, 30/T − 0.1783. In addition, we have determined the second order cross-interaction parameters between nitrogen, and chromium with vanadium at 1873 K as −0.0017 ± 0.0016.
- (5)
- The effect of tantalum addition (up to 19.9 wt pct) on the nitrogen solubility in liquid nickel can be expressed in terms of the interaction parameters. The first and second order interaction parameters, and , have been determined as a function of temperature, 66.7/T − 0.0952 and = 6.6/T − 0.0042. The second order cross-interaction parameters between nitrogen, and chromium with tantalum was also determined at 1873 K as −0.0022 ± 0.0007.
- (6)
- Vanadium addition apparently increases the nitrogen solubility and its effect is only lower than that of titanium, but clearly stronger than that of tantalum. In the binary Ni-X systems (X = Ti, V, Cr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Co), the sequence of the increasing effects on the nitrogen solubility can be specified as Ti > V > Cr > Nb > Ta > Mo > W > Fe > Co.
- (7)
- The results obtained in this paper do not only enrich the thermodynamic data of nitrogen in liquid nickel-based alloys. The similar approach can also be extended to chromium-based alloys, which would provide a basis for chromium-based alloys as structural materials used at high temperatures.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Purity (wt.%) |
---|---|
Electrolytic nickel bead | 99.99 |
Electrolytic chromium | 99.99 |
Electrolytic vanadium | 99.95 |
Electron beam tantalum | 99.99 |
Ni-V | Ni-Ta | Ni-Cr-V | Ni-Cr-Ta |
---|---|---|---|
Ni-1.04V | Ni-4.67Ta | Ni-9.98Cr-1.03V | Ni-9.83Cr-2.92Ta |
Ni-2.97V | Ni-9.81Ta | Ni-9.75Cr-2.97V | Ni-9.86Cr-5.31Ta |
Ni-4.90V | Ni-14.80Ta | Ni-19.94Cr-0.99V | Ni-19.81Cr-2.87Ta |
Ni-7.01V | Ni-19.9Ta | Ni-19.76Cr-2.98V | Ni-19.79Cr-3.98Ta |
Year | Investigators | N × 10−4 (wt.%) | Experimental Method | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1959 | Schenck et al. | 25 | CPSM | [17] |
1960 | Humbert and Elliott | 5 to 12.1 | CPSM | [39] |
1965 | Stomakhin et al. | 12.6 | CPSM | [34] |
1966 | Blossey and Pehlke | 13 | CPSM | [35] |
1968 | Wada et al. | 13 | LMT | [38] |
1968 | Fedorchenko et al. | 15 | CPSM | [32] |
1970 | Lange and Schenck | 14.4 | SM | [37] |
1975 | Kojima et al. | 13 to 35 | SM | [36] |
1977 | Wada and Pehlke | 5.3 | SM | [40] |
1987 | Kim and McLean | 11.4 | SM | [33] |
2001 | Abdulrahman et al. | 20 | CPSM | [14] |
2003 | Kowanda et al. | 12 | SM | [16] |
2006 | Siwka | 9 | SM | [15] |
This study | 10 | SM |
Alloy | Ks | r2 | Alloy | Ks | r2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ni-1.04V | 0.0022 | 0.976 | Ni-9.98Cr-1.03V | 0.0147 | 0.999 |
Ni-2.97V | 0.0042 | 0.982 | Ni-9.75Cr-2.97V | 0.0245 | 0.999 |
Ni-4.90V | 0.0084 | 0.992 | Ni-19.94Cr-0.99V | 0.0647 | 0.997 |
Ni-7.01V | 0.0147 | 0.999 | Ni-19.76Cr-2.98V | 0.0962 | 0.999 |
Ni-4.67Ta | 0.0020 | 0.993 | Ni-9.83Cr-2.92Ta | 0.0130 | 0.999 |
Ni-9.81Ta | 0.0035 | 0.998 | Ni-9.86Cr-5.31Ta | 0.0162 | 0.999 |
Ni-14.80Ta | 0.0054 | 0.999 | Ni-19.81Cr-2.87Ta | 0.0602 | 0.999 |
Ni-19.9Ta | 0.0083 | 0.999 | Ni-19.79Cr-3.98Ta | 0.0625 | 0.999 |
Alloy System | −log fN,1873k | (J/mol) | (J/mol) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ni-V | Ni-1.04V | 0.1524 | −3666 | 52.56 |
Ni-2.97V | 0.4833 | −4535 | 45.76 | |
Ni-4.9V | 0.7943 | −6837 | 38.58 | |
Ni-7.01V | 1.1173 | −7528 | 32.02 | |
Ni-Cr-V | Ni-9.98Cr-1.03V | 1.1591 | 1070 | 35.81 |
Ni-9.75Cr-2.97V | 1.3892 | 1530 | 31.65 | |
Ni-19.94Cr-0.99V | 1.7924 | 4659 | 25.61 | |
Ni-19.76Cr-2.98V | 1.9818 | 3443 | 21.33 | |
Ni-Ta | Ni-4.67Ta | 0.2553 | −9496 | 47.47 |
Ni-9.81Ta | 0.5185 | −10484 | 41.91 | |
Ni-14.8Ta | 0.7324 | −7764 | 39.27 | |
Ni-19.9Ta | 0.9345 | −5762 | 36.46 | |
Ni-Cr-Ta | Ni-9.83Cr-2.92Ta | 1.1461 | 3893 | 37.57 |
Ni-9.86Cr-5.31Ta | 1.2305 | 1569 | 34.71 | |
Ni-19.81Cr-2.87Ta | 1.8129 | 3291 | 24.48 | |
Ni-19.79Cr-3.98Ta | 1.8228 | 3222 | 24.26 |
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Qian, K.; Chen, B.; Shu, L.; Liu, K. Nitrogen Solubility in Liquid Ni-V, Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-V, and Ni-Cr-Ta Alloys. Metals 2019, 9, 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111184
Qian K, Chen B, Shu L, Liu K. Nitrogen Solubility in Liquid Ni-V, Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-V, and Ni-Cr-Ta Alloys. Metals. 2019; 9(11):1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111184
Chicago/Turabian StyleQian, Kun, Bo Chen, Lei Shu, and Kui Liu. 2019. "Nitrogen Solubility in Liquid Ni-V, Ni-Ta, Ni-Cr-V, and Ni-Cr-Ta Alloys" Metals 9, no. 11: 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111184