Influence of Strain Rate and Waveshape on Environmentally-Assisted Cracking during Low-Cycle Fatigue of a 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel in a PWR Water Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Conditions
2.1. Material and Specimens
2.2. Test Procedures
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- Dissolved oxygen content: lower than 0.01 ppm;
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- Hydrogen: 25–35 cc (STP)/kg PWR water;
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- Cl and F: lower than 0.05 ppm;
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- B: ~1000 ppm (adjusted by boric acid additions);
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- Li: quantity needed for adjustment of pH (~2 ppm);
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- Conductivity: 2–40 μS/cm.
3. Results
3.1. Influence of Strain Rate and/or Complex Loading on Cyclic Behavior and Fatigue Life in Air
3.2. Influence of Strain Rate and/or Complex Loading on Cyclic Behavior and Fatigue Life in the PWR Environment
4. Discussion and Analysis
4.1. Analysis of the Propagation Stage
4.2. Analysis of the Influence of the Signal Shape on Fatigue Crack Growth in a PWR Environment
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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L Direction | T Direction | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
20 °C | 300 °C | 20 °C | 300 °C | |
Yield strength σy 0.2 (MPa) | 214 | 130 | 224 | 133 |
Ultimate Tensile strength (MPa) | 592 | 414 | 593 | 409 |
Tensile Elongation A% | 57 | 39 | 57 | 39 |
Reduction in section area Z% | 84 | 78 | 81 | 75 |
Segment 1 | Segment 2 | Negative Strain Rate | Segment 3 | Segment 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration (s) | 10 | 10 | 40 | 140 | 640 |
Mean strain rate (s−1) | 3.00 × 10−4 | 3.00 × 10−4 | 3.00 × 10−4 | 1.88 × 10−5 | 4.84 × 10−6 |
Signal | NR (Cycles) | Maximum Crack Depth (μm) | Surface Crack Length (μm) | Cracked Area (μm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SIS A | 2,163,000 | 92 | 305 | 0.20 |
SIS B | 654,600 | 129 | 580 | 0.26 |
Signal | NLCF (Cycles) | NR (Cycles) | Maximum Crack Depth (μm) | Surface Crack Length (μm) | Cracked Area (μm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SIS A | 300 | 6,858,800 (+1,045,800 *) | 69 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
600 | 472,400 | 360 | 0.75 | 0.23 | |
SIS B | 300 | 483,200 | 362 | 0.59 | 0.18 |
Fatigue Crack Growth Law Parameters | Np (20 μm to 3 mm) (Cycles) | N5 (Cycles) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | M | |||
SIS A | 12 | 1.96 | 952 | 1200 |
SIS B | 0.84 | 1.54 | 452 | 440 |
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Poulain, T.; de Baglion, L.; Mendez, J.; Hénaff, G. Influence of Strain Rate and Waveshape on Environmentally-Assisted Cracking during Low-Cycle Fatigue of a 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel in a PWR Water Environment. Metals 2019, 9, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020197
Poulain T, de Baglion L, Mendez J, Hénaff G. Influence of Strain Rate and Waveshape on Environmentally-Assisted Cracking during Low-Cycle Fatigue of a 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel in a PWR Water Environment. Metals. 2019; 9(2):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020197
Chicago/Turabian StylePoulain, Thibault, Laurent de Baglion, Jose Mendez, and Gilbert Hénaff. 2019. "Influence of Strain Rate and Waveshape on Environmentally-Assisted Cracking during Low-Cycle Fatigue of a 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel in a PWR Water Environment" Metals 9, no. 2: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020197