Net Shape Extrusion of Titanium Bars through Coupled two Part Preform Manufacturing Process: System of Systems Approach—Part II
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Primary Interfaces
2. Requirements for Evolving SoS (Task-1)
2.1. Evolution Requirement Statement
2.1.1. Incremental Improvement within Existing SoS Architecture
2.1.2. Need for SoS Improvement
3. Logical Analysis (Task-2)
3.1. Titanium Extrusion System
3.1.1. Design Parameters of Extrusions
3.1.2. Improvement of Extrusion Performance
3.1.3. Optimization Efforts
3.1.4. Limitations
4. Design Solution (Task-3)
4.1. Framing TRIZ Contradiction for SoS Evolution
4.1.1. Improving Factor
4.1.2. Worsening Factor
- Object Generated Harmful Factors.
- (1)
- Segmentation
- (10)
- Prior Action
- (29)
- Pneumatics and Hydraulics
- (34)
- Discarding and Recovering
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Extrusion
- Temperature above the beta transition temperature
- Rapid cooling following deformation
- Limited time exposure to high temperature
- Rapid deformation input
- Glass lubrication to be utilized
- Streamlined die geometry utilized
5.2. Rolling
- Tight control of temperature uniformity
- Limited adiabatic heat generation
- Limited exposure to high temperatures
- Limited deformation input
- Elastic rigidity
- Precision Equipment
- Presence of surface scale
- Roller surface quality
6. Results and Discussion
7. Conclusions
- Minimum demonstrated rolled thickness down to 2.54 mm.
- Surface roughness smoother than 3.175 m.
- Lack of occurrence of shear banding or cracking.
- Successful elimination of lubricants for rolling without the occurrence of friction related defects.
- Presence of appreciable surface layers from heat loss to tooling in cases of slow roll reduction.
- Excessive grain growth and embrittlement of repeated rolling reductions above the beta transus.
- Material properties similar to extruded material when hybrid processing involving steps below the beta transus followed by a final step above the beta transus.
- Surface conditions, commensurate with a final machined component, are achievable through this method coupled with chemical acid etching (see Figure 12).
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Technical Design Processes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core SoS Elements | Requirments Dev. (Task-1) | Logical Analysis (Task-2) | Design Solution (Task-3) | Implement | Integrate | Verify | Validate |
Translating Capability Objective | X | ||||||
Understanding Systems & Relationships | X | ||||||
Assessing Performance to Capability Objectives | X | ||||||
Developing and Evolving on SoS Architecture | X | X | X | ||||
Monitoring and Assessing Changes | |||||||
Addresing Requirements and Solution Options | X | X | |||||
Orchestrating Upgrades | X | X | X | X |
Step Immediatel | Thickness | Reduction During |
---|---|---|
Before | (mm) | Step |
Extrusion | 5.28 | 97.6% |
Reduction Pass 1 | 4.39 | 16.7% |
Reduction Pass 3 | 3.05 | 16.7% |
Reduction Pass 4 | 2.79 | 16.7% |
Chemical Milling | 2.03 | N/A |
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Stroud, A.; Ertas, A. Net Shape Extrusion of Titanium Bars through Coupled two Part Preform Manufacturing Process: System of Systems Approach—Part II. Metals 2019, 9, 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9040423
Stroud A, Ertas A. Net Shape Extrusion of Titanium Bars through Coupled two Part Preform Manufacturing Process: System of Systems Approach—Part II. Metals. 2019; 9(4):423. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9040423
Chicago/Turabian StyleStroud, Adam, and Atila Ertas. 2019. "Net Shape Extrusion of Titanium Bars through Coupled two Part Preform Manufacturing Process: System of Systems Approach—Part II" Metals 9, no. 4: 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9040423