Development of a Modular Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Tribometer for Thin Steel Wires: Design Concept and Preliminary Analysis of the Effect of Crossing Angle on Tangential Force
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Designed Tribotester
2.1. Displacement Module
2.2. Contact Module
2.3. Data Acquisition System
2.4. Surface Metrology: Wear Profile Measurement
3. Description of Experimental Tests
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- A modular tribotester that could perform both fretting wear and fretting fatigue test with thin steel wires was designed and developed.
- Non-Coulomb frictional behavior has so far been associated with certain kinds of materials (ductile materials). This work demonstrates that the behavior could also be induced due to a change in the contact geometry.
- As the crossing angle increases, a more distorted loop is induced (due to the increased wear scar geometry) as the number of cycles increases, showing a non-Coulomb frictional behavior. As the crossing angle increases, the width of the wear scar decreases, while the maximum wear depth increases. It can be observed that this behavior is more pronounced for the 90° test, which occurs more rapidly than in the case of the 45° test.
- Results were compared to reported data, and the same trends in terms of coefficient of friction were drawn, thus confirming the robustness of the tribometer.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Number | Test Configuration | Contact Force [N] | Applied Displacement [μm] | Crossing Angle [°] | Mean Stress [MPa] | Stress Amplitude [MPa] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–3 | FF | 2 | 100 | 0 | 597 | 283 |
4–6 | FF | 2 | 100 | 45 | 597 | 283 |
7–9 | FF | 2 | 100 | 90 | 597 | 283 |
Properties | Symbol | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Fatigued wire length | l | mm | 155 |
Wire diameter | d | mm | 0.45 |
Tensile strength | σu | MPa | >3200 |
Yield strength | σy | MPa | >2650 |
Elastic modulus | E | GPa | 200 |
Vickers hardness | HV0.05 | - | 659 ± 81 |
Average roughness drawn direction (DD) | Ra | μm | 0.35 |
Average roughness perpendicular to the DD | Ra | μm | 0.7 |
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Llavori, I.; Zabala, A.; Otaño, N.; Tato, W.; Gómez, X. Development of a Modular Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Tribometer for Thin Steel Wires: Design Concept and Preliminary Analysis of the Effect of Crossing Angle on Tangential Force. Metals 2019, 9, 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060674
Llavori I, Zabala A, Otaño N, Tato W, Gómez X. Development of a Modular Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Tribometer for Thin Steel Wires: Design Concept and Preliminary Analysis of the Effect of Crossing Angle on Tangential Force. Metals. 2019; 9(6):674. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060674
Chicago/Turabian StyleLlavori, Iñigo, Alaitz Zabala, Nerea Otaño, Wilson Tato, and Xabier Gómez. 2019. "Development of a Modular Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Tribometer for Thin Steel Wires: Design Concept and Preliminary Analysis of the Effect of Crossing Angle on Tangential Force" Metals 9, no. 6: 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060674