Ultrasonic Vibration as a Primary Mixing Tool in Accelerating Aluminum–Copper Alloys Preparation from Their Pure Elements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Expermintal Set-Up of Melt Processing
2.3. Microstructure, Impurities, and the Associated Porosity Characterization
2.4. Expermintal Set-Up of USV in Water
2.5. FE Optimization of the Sonotrode
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Impurities and the Associated Surface Porosity Content
3.2. The Microstructure of the Produced Alloys
3.3. The Cu and Ti Content in the Produced Alloys
3.4. The Role of Sonotrode Erosion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Si | Cu | Fe | Zn | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CP Al | 0.055 | 0.008 | 0.059 | - | Bal. |
CP Cu | - | Bal. | - | 0.296 | - |
Using Manual Stirring | ||||||
Batch Code | Mixing | Holding | Manual Stirring | Holding | Manual Stirring | Holding |
min | ||||||
15M | 5 | 15 | 2 | 5 | - | - |
45M | 5 | 15 | 2 | 45 | 2 | 5 |
Using Ultrasonic Vibration (USV) | ||||||
Batch Code | Mixing | Holding | USV | Holding | USV | - |
min | ||||||
15U | 5 | 15 | 2 | - | - | - |
45U | 5 | 15 | 2 | 45 | 2 | - |
90U | 5 | 15 | 2 | 90 | 2 | - |
Element | Z1 | Z1* |
---|---|---|
Batch 45U | ||
wt.% | ||
Al | 96.36 | 96.99 |
Cu | 2.90 | 2.11 |
Ti | 0.74 | 0.90 |
Total | 100 | 100 |
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Muhrat, A.; Puga, H.; Barbosa, J. Ultrasonic Vibration as a Primary Mixing Tool in Accelerating Aluminum–Copper Alloys Preparation from Their Pure Elements. Metals 2019, 9, 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9070781
Muhrat A, Puga H, Barbosa J. Ultrasonic Vibration as a Primary Mixing Tool in Accelerating Aluminum–Copper Alloys Preparation from Their Pure Elements. Metals. 2019; 9(7):781. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9070781
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhrat, Abdulsalam, Hélder Puga, and Joaquim Barbosa. 2019. "Ultrasonic Vibration as a Primary Mixing Tool in Accelerating Aluminum–Copper Alloys Preparation from Their Pure Elements" Metals 9, no. 7: 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9070781