Analysis of Very High Spatial Resolution Images for Automatic Shoreline Extraction and Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Mapping †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Area of Study
2.2. Data Used
2.3. Methodology
2.3.1. Automatic Shoreline Extraction
2.3.2. Satellite-derived Bathymetry
3. Results
3.1. Shoreline Variability
3.2. Satellite-derived Bathymetry
4. Discussion
4.1. Automatic Shoreline Extraction on GeoEye-1 Satellite and UAV Orthomosaic Images
4.2. Satellite-derived Bathymetry Mapping
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Image Type | Panchromatic | Multispectral | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Spatial resolution | 0.5 m | 2 m | ||
Spectral resolution | 450–900 nm | 450–520 nm for the blue band 520–600 nm for the green band 625–695 nm for the red band 760–900 nm for the NIR band | ||
Image calibration parameter | Gain mw/(cm2 × nm × sr) | Offset | Gain µw/( cm2 × nm × sr) | Offset |
0.08715 | 0 | 0.14865 for blue band 0.10135 for green band 0.16194003 for red band 0.05705 for NIR band | 0 0 0 0 | |
Off-Nadir imaging | 26 degrees | |||
Coordinate system | WGS 1984 UTM Zone 33N | |||
Cloud cover | 0 |
Positional Instrument | DGPS Garmin CSX 60 signal differential WAAS EGNOA | |
Coordinate System | Datum: Roma 1940 (Monte Mario), Projection: ( Gauss Boaga ) | |
Navigation Software | Qinsy QPS 8.1.0 | |
Tide Station | National mareographic network_station of Palermo | |
Date: 07-11-2013 | Date: 08-11-2013 | |
High value: 0.225 m Low value: −0.024 m | High value: 0.2 m Low value: −0.026 | |
Bathymetric Map Scale | 1:2250 |
Sensing Parameters | DJI Mavic pro 2 Aircraft |
---|---|
Sensor type | Camera Hasselblad L1D-20c-20 Mega pix |
Spatial resolution | 1.58 cm |
Spectral resolution/number of bands | 3 bands RGB |
Radiometric resolution | 24 BIT |
Flight altitude | 60 m |
Flight duration | 20 minutes |
Total area covered | 0.62 km2 |
Forward and sideward overlap sensing | 75% frontal–75% side |
Flight speed | 5.2 m/s |
Sensing type | automatic |
Number of people mobilized | 3 |
Data and time image acquisition | 28 May 2019, 11: 00 UTC |
Off-Nadir imaging | 0 degree |
Coordinate system | WGS84 UTM zone 33 N |
Image type | GeoTIFF |
Number of flights | 3 |
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) | GPS+GLONASS |
Band Features | Masking Threshold | Definition | |
---|---|---|---|
GeoEye-1 NIR Band | UAV Orthomosaic Red Band | ||
Land | ≥0.35 | ≥160 | Sand beach and built up area with high values |
Water | ≤0.35 | ≤160 | Shallow water with low values |
Coastline Analysis Parameters | Situation in 2014 | Situation in 2019 |
---|---|---|
Shoreline of the sand beach (m) | 1776 | 1879 |
Distance of the beach (m) | 1486 | 1496 |
Offshore distance of the pocket beach (m) | 936 | 951 |
Headland spacing (m) | 1772 | 1772 |
Total length of shoreline (m) | 3376 | 3451 |
Near shoreline eroded surface (m2) | 17,446 | |
Near shoreline gained surface | 695 | |
Sand beach surface (m2) | 99,810 | 84,360 |
Depth Range (m) | Error (m) |
---|---|
1–2 | −0.85 |
2–3 | 0.98 |
3–4 | 1.01 |
4–5 | 0.87 |
5–6 | 0.79 |
6–7 | 0.27 |
7–9 | 0.02 |
9–10 | −0.75 |
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Randazzo, G.; Barreca, G.; Cascio, M.; Crupi, A.; Fontana, M.; Gregorio, F.; Lanza, S.; Muzirafuti, A. Analysis of Very High Spatial Resolution Images for Automatic Shoreline Extraction and Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Mapping. Geosciences 2020, 10, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050172
Randazzo G, Barreca G, Cascio M, Crupi A, Fontana M, Gregorio F, Lanza S, Muzirafuti A. Analysis of Very High Spatial Resolution Images for Automatic Shoreline Extraction and Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Mapping. Geosciences. 2020; 10(5):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050172
Chicago/Turabian StyleRandazzo, Giovanni, Giovanni Barreca, Maria Cascio, Antonio Crupi, Marco Fontana, Francesco Gregorio, Stefania Lanza, and Anselme Muzirafuti. 2020. "Analysis of Very High Spatial Resolution Images for Automatic Shoreline Extraction and Satellite-Derived Bathymetry Mapping" Geosciences 10, no. 5: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050172