New Stress Reduction Factor for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction in the Coastal Area of Catania (Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Shear Stress Reduction Factor: State-of-Art Review
3. Seismicity of the Catania Area
4. Site Response Analysis
- (a)
- Ohta and Goto [45]:
- (b)
- Yoshida and Motonori [46]:
5. Shear Stress Reduction Factor rd in the Catania Area (Italy)
6. Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Using the Seismic Dilatometer Marchetti Tests (SDMTs) in the Catania Harbour (Italy)
7. Conclusions
- (1)
- The results obtained from the three CRR-KD curves are in good agreement. However, it is possible to observe that the equation developed by Monaco provides LPI values slightly larger than those obtained from the equations proposed by Grasso and Maugeri;
- (2)
- The results show a high liquefaction potential from the depth of about 3–7 m;
- (3)
- Lower values of the liquefaction potential index are obtained from the SDMT4 and higher values from the SDMT3;
- (4)
- Finally, results demonstrate that the peak horizontal acceleration at the ground surface amax is an important parameter in the evaluation of liquefaction potential.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Sites | Tests |
---|---|
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 1 (borehole 418) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 2 (borehole 419) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 3 (borehole 420) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 4 (borehole 421) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 5 (borehole 422) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 6 (borehole 423) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 7 (borehole 424) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SPT 8 (borehole 425) |
Saint Giuseppe La Rena | SDMT 1 |
Catania Harbour | SDMT 2 |
Catania Harbour | SDMT 3 |
Catania Harbour | SDMT 4 |
Catania Harbour | SDMT 5 |
Catania Harbour | SDMT 6 |
Nazario Sauro school | SDMT 7 |
Nazario Sauro school | SDMT 8 |
INGV building | SDMT 9 |
Madre Teresa di Calcutta School | SDMT 10 |
STM M6 | SDMT 11 |
Bellini Garden | SDMT 12 |
Monte Po | SDMT 13 |
LPI | Level of Liquefaction Severity |
---|---|
0 | Very low |
0 < LPI ≤ 5 | Low |
5 < LPI ≤ 15 | High |
LPI > 15 | Very high |
Surface Maximum Accelerations | |
---|---|
SDMT2 | 0.44g |
SDMT3 | 0.43g |
SDMT4 | 0.45g |
SDMT5 | 0.49g |
SDMT6 | 0.41g |
Liquefaction Potential Index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amax | 0.4 g | 0.5 g | ||||
CRR-KD curves | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
SDMT2 | 13.30 | 9.12 | 9.37 | 17.04 | 12.52 | 12.22 |
SDMT3 | 12.44 | 7.48 | 7.80 | 16.47 | 11.06 | 10.59 |
SDMT4 | 17.13 | 11.97 | 12.01 | 22.50 | 16.06 | 15.78 |
SDMT5 | 7.50 | 3.36 | 3.53 | 11.13 | 6.02 | 5.41 |
SDMT6 | 12.51 | 8.99 | 9.44 | 15.83 | 11.86 | 11.74 |
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Grasso, S.; Massimino, M.R.; Sammito, M.S.V. New Stress Reduction Factor for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction in the Coastal Area of Catania (Italy). Geosciences 2021, 11, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010012
Grasso S, Massimino MR, Sammito MSV. New Stress Reduction Factor for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction in the Coastal Area of Catania (Italy). Geosciences. 2021; 11(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrasso, Salvatore, Maria Rossella Massimino, and Maria Stella Vanessa Sammito. 2021. "New Stress Reduction Factor for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction in the Coastal Area of Catania (Italy)" Geosciences 11, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010012