Morphology, Internal Architecture, Facies Model, and Emplacement Mechanisms of Lava Flows from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) of the Hartford and Deerfield Basins (USA)
, Hind El Hachimi 5, Khalil El Kadiri 1, José Madeira 3, João Mata 3, Isma Amri 1 and Abdelkarim Ait Baha 1
Breno Leitão Waichel
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsGood work addressing the physical aspects of volcanism of CAMP in Hartford and Deerfield basins (EUA). I gave some suggestions in the text. I missed photos in the article, some in the body of the article would be interesting, since the physical aspects are the target of the work.
Comments for author File: 
Comments.pdf
Author Response
Comment 1: reference needed.
Response: we added references (2, 3, and 4).
Comment 2: reference needed.
Response: we added reference (3).
Comment 3: delete upper.
Response: done.
Comment 4: try enlarge.
Response: done. please see the updated figure.
Comment 5: remove “s”.
Response: done.
Comment 6: change ‘d’ to ‘D’ in behind.
Response: We replace it with behind the Target store. The outcrop is called Behind Target.
Comment 7: remove overlying by.
Response: done.
Comment 8: add of unit 2.
Response: done.
Comment 9: remove a sentence at line 228.
Response: sentence removed.
Comment 10: Photos from outcrops are more important than H xV dimension of pillow!
Response: we added Figure 5 with six pictures.
Comment 11: this formation is a unique flow?
Response: the sentence is rewritten. Please check it out.
Comment 12: interpreted by? a 150 x 60 km lava lake? probably a portion of flow was a lava lake during the eruption!!! Line 280
Response: We have added the reference which is [38] which is Philpotts, A.R., The Holyoke Basalt at the Tilcon Quarry, North Branford: the geology, petrology, and history of one of the world’s largest flood-basalt eruptions. in Geological Society of Connecticut Field Trip Guidebook. Peter, M. L.; Margaret, A. T. (eds), 2010, 1, 8-16.
Comment 13: use 'A'ā in all text.
Response: all are replaced with 'A'ā.
Comment 14: from Talcott?
Response: Yes. We added ‘of Talcott Basalt’ to the sentence. Line 416.
Comment 15: infer by absence? Use the charactericts of lava flows!! Line 432
Response: we rewrite the sentence which is he absence of pillow lavas in the Holyoke and Hampden basalts indicates that the eruptions occurred in the subaerial continental environment.
Comment 16: Aa
Response: it replaced 'A'ā.
Comment 17: layers is more suitable.
Response: sills replaced with layers.
Comment 18: … Both.
Response: replaced with both.
Comments 19: remove this; Fisher, R.V. Rocks composed of volcanic fragments and their classification. Earth-Sci. Rev 1966, 1(4), 287-298.
Response: It was a mistake. I doubled Fisher 1966, but it should be there Fisher 1961.
I added the correct reference which is Fisher, R.V. Proposed classification of volcaniclastic sediments and rocks. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 1961, 72(9), 1409-1414.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsDear authors
I have finished reviewing the manuscript titled: “Morphology, Internal Architecture, Facies Model, and Emplacement Mechanisms of Lava Flows from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) of the Hartford and Deerfield Basins (USA)”. It presents a physical analysis of several flow fields in USA and later, it uses the results to compare them with the lava flows defined for the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province.
The manuscript presents a detailed description, which fulfills a lack of physical volcanology studies in the zone. It uses updated references and provides significant comments to perform a lava flow field study in thick lavas. I considered the manuscript well-structured and with all the needed items. The introduction draws attention to readers and the Methodology is clear. The Results are also OK, however there are interpretation sentences that must be avoided. The Discussion is interesting too, but it needs more illustrative support (the Results too). Why did you include all the photos in the Supplementary material? Please also improve the Conclusions according to what was presented in the text.
Overall, I found the manuscript well-written and acceptable for publication in Geosciences, however, you first should include photos as figures in the text. Photos can be grouped as a collage and many of them, which are in the Supplementary material, can accompany the text. It has only seven figures, but it can easily reach 12. After this, and the evaluation of some comments that I left in the pdf file, I can recommend your manuscript for publication.
Specific comments on figures
Figures.
Figures must be edited. In addition, photos of the lava flow structures are needed. Please include photos showing the joints, pipes, vesicles, rafting, etc.
Figure 1. Inset A must be edited. Please write down names, etc.
Figure 2. Inset A can be placed into Fig. B. Increase the text size too.
Figures 4, 6 and 7. Please increase the size of the text.
Figure 5. A photo of the pillows is needed. It can be placed as an inset into the binary diagram. There is plenty of space.
Comments for author File: Comments.pdf
Author Response
Thank you very much for taking the time to review this manuscript. Please find the detailed responses below and the corresponding revisions/corrections highlighted/in track changes in the re-submitted files.
Comment 1: figure 1. a must be edited.
Response: the figure was edited. Figure 1.a was removed.
Comment 2: change the section word to column
Response: done.
Comment 3: delete inflated word.
Response: done.
Comment 4: delete the sentence: ‘while common pahoehoe does not present this internal structure’.
Response: the sentence is removed.
Comment 5: It is not a flow type. It is a lava structure.
Response: We changed toothpaste pahoehoe to toothpaste lava.
Comment 6: it is better to say to say … ‘tens of meters’.
Response: we replaced 60 m with tens of meters.
Comment 7: these are rocks, not deposits.
Response: We changed epiclastic deposits with epiclastic rocks.
Comment 8: rocks or deposits?
Response: we replaced rocks with deposits
Comment 9: a and b?
Response: weadded the a and b descriptions before c in figure 3.
Comment 10: move this to the beginning of the caption. a and b are before c.
Response: the description moved to the beginning of the caption.
Comment 11: leave this to discussion.
Response: the idea is already mentioned in the discussion (see lines 373 and 374). We removed ‘indicating a subaqueous deposition’. We kept this sentence ‘This flow is locally composed of pillow lava’.
Comment 12: leave this for discussion ‘Thus, they indicate that the sediment was still soft and saturated in water when the first pillowed flow (unit 1) was placed’.
Response: we mentioned it in the discussion section. Please have a look at lines 433, 434, and 435. I have removed this sentence in the result part.
Comment 13: remove this sentence ‘Structures such as tumuli, toes, squeeze-ups, and horizontal squeezes were not observed’.
Response: The sentence was removed.
Comment 14: It will be great to see a photo of the pillows before.
Response: We added 2 figures 6 and 9 with 11 pictures from the supplementary materials. You can check it out in the manuscript.
Comment 15: rewrite this: The flow is from 50 to 200 m thick, and there is a second, thinner flow in the vicinity of Hartford.
Response: We kept the first part of the sentence: the Holyoke basalt formation is 50 to 200 m thick. The rest of the sentence, “However, there is a second, thinner flow near Hartford town." was edited and moved to line 251.
Comment 16: why? Line 252.
Response: Based on what observed on the field and maps
Comment 17: remove this: It does not show any pipe vesicles.
Response: the sentence was removed.
Comment 18: leave this for discussion (indicative of a playa lake environment).
Response: We removed “indicative of a playa lake environment”. The sentence became “The flow is underlain and overlain by lacustrine sediments, many containing salt casts.
I added “these underlying sediments contain salt casts indicative of a Playa Lake environment before the Holyoke lava flows erupted” to the discussion section. Please have a look at the 381 and 382 lines.
Comment 19: could you show this in photos? Lines: 265, 266, 267, and 268.
Response: Unfortunately, we cannot add this details to the picture we have.
Comment 20: leave this to discussion.
Response: the sentence moved to discussion. Please see lines 382 and 383.
Comment 21: leave this to discussion.
Response: the sentence moved and rewritten to “(viii) The faults, filled with fine-grained homogeneous basalt and sealed by the second thin flow, are interpreted as squeeze-ups, which are extrusions of viscous lava through cracks in the solid crust of a lava flow, typical of inflated pahoehoe lava flows.” Please see lines 440, 442, 442, and 443.
Comment 22: leave this to discussion. Lines 345-346.
Response: the sentence moved to discussion (lines 443, 444, 445). the sentence added to the discussion is “(ix) The origin of the distinctive breccia that overlies the second flow of Hampden basalt presents a question. Is it a local feature produced by lava squeezed out of the underlying sheet when parts collapsed, or is it a separate younger flow?”
Comment 23: remove a sentence (However, cylinder vesicles, mega vesicles, and amygdales were not observed.) line 363.
Response: sentence removed.
Comment 24: correct paleosoils.
Response: done.
Comment 25: replace Aa with aa.
Response: we used 'A'ā in all text. Reviewer 2 suggests using 'A'ā in all text.
Comment 26: if they were not observed, why do you have to mention it?
Response: the observation was deleted.
Comment 27: write this in months.
Response: done.
Comment 28: expand this comment. Line 503.
Response: This is the expanded text of the comment:
In fact, it was estimated that the vast lava flow, exceeding a volume of 1000 km3, required over 100 years to cool down [38] which is following our result concerning the Holyoke Basalt. As expected, our findings somewhat match the Milankovitch climate cycle proposed by [7]. In the Newark supergroup, [7] interpreted that the period of extrusive and associated intrusive volcanic activity, interbedded with lake-level sedimentary cycles, corresponds to a timeframe of approximately 580 ± 10 thousand years around 201 million years ago. This correlation suggests that the timing of volcanic events and their solidification processes may be influenced by these climatic cycles, potentially linking periods of heightened volcanic activity to specific phases within the Milankovitch cycles.
The extensive cooling duration of the Holyoke basalt, spanning over a century, aligns with the idea that large-scale volcanic events and their subsequent solidification are not only influenced by immediate geological factors but also by long-term climatic cycles. This connection underscores the intricate interplay between Earth's internal processes and external climatic forces, offering a comprehensive understanding of the geological history recorded within the CAMP basalts of the Hartford and Deerfield basins.
Comment 39: lava structures are not correlatable characteristics. Line 591 and 592
Response :
This sentence was removed.
Comment 30: remove two sentences.
Response: sentences were removed.
I would like to inform you that the conclusion has been totally rewritten and two figures including pictures are added to the main text. Please check them out in the edited and submitted manuscript.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe review improved the final version of the article.
Author Response
Thank you once again for taking the time to review our manuscript. Please find our detailed responses below, with the corresponding revisions requested by reviewer #2 highlighted in track changes in the resubmitted manuscript.
Cordially.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsDear authors.
I consider the current version of your manuscript much better and almost ready for publication. However, I still have two requests. 1) Fig. 1a is needed. Please include again an edited version of it. 2) It is not enough to change the word pahoehoe to lava in Line 160. Please refer to Murcia et al. 2014 JAES 84: 131-145. Toothpaste lava is a structure, not a lava type.
Finally, I still consider that you could include more pictures in your manuscript. This is the time to do it. If you leave all the photos to supplementary material, they will be somehow lost. Your manuscript will increase visibility if you do it. You can reach 12 figures.
Best regards.
Author Response
Thank you once again for taking the time to review our manuscript. Please find our detailed responses below, with the corresponding revisions and corrections highlighted in track changes in the resubmitted manuscript.
1) For Fig. 1a we added the edited one.
2) For Toothpaste lava we have added a sentence where we mentioned Rowland and Walker, 1987 ([68] which is mentioned already there). These authors were referred as well by Murcia et al. 2014. The sentence that we added is "A wide range of intermediate flow types occurs between these two end-member types, such as rubbly pahoehoe and slab pahoehoe [66,67,62,63]. Moreover, an important basalt structural type known as toothpaste lava, which illustrates the transition from pahoehoe to 'A'ā, is particularly well displayed in the 1960 Kapoho lava flow of Kilauea Volcano [68]."
3) Finally, for or pictures, we have added more than 10 pictures to the manuscript. The total of figures now is 12.
Cordially.
Author Response File: Author Response.docx
