The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Impact of Global Glaciations on Evolution
2.1. Oxygenation
2.2. The Physical Fossil Record
2.3. The Molecular Clock Record
- (1) Branching from a node at about 664 Ma in the mid Cryogenian to yield the Demospongia.
- (2) At 635 Ma, a node yielding the Calcispongia. This divergence is almost exactly coincident with the Ghaub glaciation in northern Namibia, which has been robustly dated using the Pb-Pb technique on an ash bed [47].
- (3) Splitting of the common lineage at 604 Ma, giving rise to two further branches of hypothetical metazoan ancestors.
- (4) A very significant node at 579 Ma, roughly coincident with the Gaskiers glaciation, just before the appearance of the oldest frondose-bearing Ediacaran Lagerstätte at ~575 Ma (in the Drook Formation, Newfoundland) [32].
2.4. The Molecular Fossil Record
2.5. Strikes of Extinction and Adaptive Radiations
3. The Concept of and Evidence for Ice-Free Oases
3.1. Numerical Modeling and Paleogeographic Reconstructions
3.2 Subglacial Lakes and Pressure-Melting “Oases”
4. Sedimentological Evidence for Ice-free “Oases”
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Le Heron, D.P. The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications. Geosciences 2012, 2, 90-108. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences2020090
Le Heron DP. The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications. Geosciences. 2012; 2(2):90-108. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences2020090
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe Heron, Daniel Paul. 2012. "The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications" Geosciences 2, no. 2: 90-108. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences2020090