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Article

Holocene Environmental and Anthropogenic Changes of Soils and Vegetation in the Central Russian Upland: The Case Study in the “Belogorie” Natural Reserve

by
Yury Chendev
1,*,
Olga Khokhlova
2,
Elena Ponomarenko
3,4,
Ekaterina Ershova
4,5,6,
Alexander Alexandrovskiy
7 and
Tatyana Myakshina
2
1
Department of Natural Resource Management and Land Cadaster, Belgorod State University, Pobeda St. 85, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
2
Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 2, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
3
Laboratory for Paleoclimatology and Climatology, Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N4, Canada
4
KFU/Institute of International Relations/NOC Center for Excellence Archeometry, st. Pushkina, d.1/55, Educational Building 30, 420008 Kazan, Russia
5
Faculty of Biology, Department of Geobotany, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
6
Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Dm. Ulyanova, 19, 117292 Moscow, Russia
7
Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, ulitsa Dm. Ulyanova, 19, 117292 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geosciences 2018, 8(12), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120473
Submission received: 11 October 2018 / Revised: 6 December 2018 / Accepted: 10 December 2018 / Published: 12 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Imprint of Palaeoenvironments on Soils and Palaeosols)
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Abstract

Several episodes of past afforestation were reconstructed in a grassland area of the Yamskaya Steppe site within the “Belgorie” natural reserve on the Central-Russian Upland. The pedological, palinological, pedoanthracological, and phytolith analyses were applied for studying paleosols buried under artificial and natural mounds, colluvial fan deposits in gullies, and closed depressions on watersheds. The watershed area was covered by the forest vegetation until 6000 years BP, as indicated by palinological spectra in the paleosol of this age. The Bk horizon of the Chernozemic paleosol buried under a burial mound of the Bronze Age (4630 ± 180 years BP) contained Fe-lamellae indicative of the preceded forest phase of soil formation. Micro-depressions within the local watershed contained charcoal-cored iron-manganese concretions with the radiocarbon age varying from 6055 ± 20 to 6155 ± 20 years BP. This age marked a deforestation of the area after large-scale fires. From that time on, the watershed was dominated by the grassland vegetation. The next phase of afforestation was recorded in the beginning of the Subboreal period of Holocene (4600 BP), but the forest appeared to be limited to gullies. Starting with the Subboreal period, the anthropogenic impact on the landscape became apparent.
Keywords: Holocene; buried soils; paleoenvironment; archaeology; paleopedology; pollen analysis; anthracology Holocene; buried soils; paleoenvironment; archaeology; paleopedology; pollen analysis; anthracology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chendev, Y.; Khokhlova, O.; Ponomarenko, E.; Ershova, E.; Alexandrovskiy, A.; Myakshina, T. Holocene Environmental and Anthropogenic Changes of Soils and Vegetation in the Central Russian Upland: The Case Study in the “Belogorie” Natural Reserve. Geosciences 2018, 8, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120473

AMA Style

Chendev Y, Khokhlova O, Ponomarenko E, Ershova E, Alexandrovskiy A, Myakshina T. Holocene Environmental and Anthropogenic Changes of Soils and Vegetation in the Central Russian Upland: The Case Study in the “Belogorie” Natural Reserve. Geosciences. 2018; 8(12):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chendev, Yury, Olga Khokhlova, Elena Ponomarenko, Ekaterina Ershova, Alexander Alexandrovskiy, and Tatyana Myakshina. 2018. "Holocene Environmental and Anthropogenic Changes of Soils and Vegetation in the Central Russian Upland: The Case Study in the “Belogorie” Natural Reserve" Geosciences 8, no. 12: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120473

APA Style

Chendev, Y., Khokhlova, O., Ponomarenko, E., Ershova, E., Alexandrovskiy, A., & Myakshina, T. (2018). Holocene Environmental and Anthropogenic Changes of Soils and Vegetation in the Central Russian Upland: The Case Study in the “Belogorie” Natural Reserve. Geosciences, 8(12), 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120473

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