Detection of Stones in Marine Habitats Combining Simultaneous Hydroacoustic Surveys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- differentiate zones of high SSS backscatter into:
- (a)
- rippled gravelly seafloor largely without stones
- (b)
- seafloor with exposed stones
- identify stone-bearing areas for further high-resolution investigations
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Regional Settings
2.2. Methods
- Color coding: according to Hass et al. [16].
- Backscatter coding: AGDS data points are colored in the SSS backscatter gray value that occurred at the point location. This value was extracted from the high resolution SSS mosaic raster with the ArcGIS (Esri Inc., Redlands, CA, USA) spatial analyst tool “Extract values to Point”.
3. Results
- the paleo Elbe valley (PEV)
- the Sylt Outer Reef (SOR)
- lag deposits: poorly sorted sediments with a matrix of fine sand to gravel with pebbles, cobbles, boulders and blocks up 1.5 m in size
- gravelly substrates: large ripples (up to 30 cm in height) of sandy gravel to gravel (described in more detail by Papenmeier et al. [34])
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cruise | Time | pSES Frequency | pSES Pulse Length |
---|---|---|---|
HE400 | May 2013 | 6 kHz | 2 |
HE415 | February 2014 | 10 kHz | 2 |
HE436 | November 2014 | 8 kHz | 2 |
HE438/439 | February/March 2015 | 8, 15 kHz | 1, 2 |
Frequency | Pulse Length | |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
6 kHz | 12.5 cm | 25 cm |
8 kHz | 9.4 cm | 18.8 cm |
10 kHz | 7.5 cm | 15 cm |
15 kHz | 5 cm | 10 cm |
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Papenmeier, S.; Hass, H.C. Detection of Stones in Marine Habitats Combining Simultaneous Hydroacoustic Surveys. Geosciences 2018, 8, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080279
Papenmeier S, Hass HC. Detection of Stones in Marine Habitats Combining Simultaneous Hydroacoustic Surveys. Geosciences. 2018; 8(8):279. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080279
Chicago/Turabian StylePapenmeier, Svenja, and H. Christian Hass. 2018. "Detection of Stones in Marine Habitats Combining Simultaneous Hydroacoustic Surveys" Geosciences 8, no. 8: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080279