Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines of the Extracts from Novel Xylaria Species Associated with Termite Nests and LC-MS Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Fungal Materials
2.3. Fungal Cultivation and Extraction
2.4. DPPH Scavenging Activity
2.5. ABTS Scavenging Activity
2.6. Total Phenolic Content
2.7. Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines
2.7.1. Cell Culture
2.7.2. Assessment of the Cytotoxicity of Xylaria Species Crude Extracts against Cancer Cell Lines
2.8. Statistical Analysis
2.9. LC-MS Chemical Profiles
3. Results
3.1. Determination of Antioxidant Activities
3.1.1. DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity
3.1.2. ABTS Free Radical Scavenging Activity
3.2. Determination of Total Phenolic Content
3.3. Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines
3.4. LC-MS Chemical Profiles
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Isolation ID. | Peak No.* | Identified Compound |
---|---|---|---|
X. chaiyaphumensis | SWUF16-4.1 | 1, 2, 3, 33, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), bassianolide (59) |
X. chaiyaphumensis | SWUF16-11.4 | 1, 2, 3, 12, 26, 30, 33, 35, 38, 44, 50, 55, 56, 57, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), 4′-O-(2′-Z-feruloyl GluA(1-2)GluA) apigenin (50) |
X. chaiyaphumensis | SWUF17-49.2 | 1, 2, 3, 23, 47, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), euphyperin B (23), animicin A (47), bassianolide (59) |
X. subintraflava | SWUF16-11.1 | 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 15, 17, 20, 27, 31, 34, 36, 39, 43, 46, 47, 51, 54, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), 19,20-epoxy cytochalasin C or derivative (9, 15, 17), rottlerin (31), naringin (34), animicin A (47) |
X. subintraflava | SWUF17-24.2 | 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 14, 17, 29, 34, 36, 39, 43, 46, 47, 49, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), 19,20-epoxy cytochalasin C or derivative (9, 17), rottlerin (29), naringin (34), animicin A (47), tiliroside (49) |
X. thienhirunae | SWUF16-7.2 | 1, 2, 3, 8, 11, 24, 32, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2) |
X. thienhirunae | SWUF16-10.1 | 1, 2, 3, 11, 16, 19, 25, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), colchicine (19) |
X. thienhirunae | SWUF17-44.1 | 1, 2, 3, 13, 19, 60, 61 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), lagochilin (13), colchicine (19) |
X. siamensis | SWUF17-20.2 | 1, 2, 3, 21, 40, 48, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2) |
X. vinacea | SWUF18-2.3 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 18, 22, 28, 37, 41, 42, 45, 53, 60 | prednisone (1), xylaropyrone (2), 11-alpha-acetoxyprogesterone (10), andrographolide (22), tofisopam (28) |
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Wangsawat, N.; Nahar, L.; Sarker, S.D.; Phosri, C.; Evans, A.R.; Whalley, A.J.S.; Choowongkomon, K.; Suwannasai, N. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines of the Extracts from Novel Xylaria Species Associated with Termite Nests and LC-MS Analysis. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101557
Wangsawat N, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Phosri C, Evans AR, Whalley AJS, Choowongkomon K, Suwannasai N. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines of the Extracts from Novel Xylaria Species Associated with Termite Nests and LC-MS Analysis. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101557
Chicago/Turabian StyleWangsawat, Niwana, Lutfun Nahar, Satyajit D. Sarker, Cherdchai Phosri, Andrew R. Evans, Anthony J. S. Whalley, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, and Nuttika Suwannasai. 2021. "Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines of the Extracts from Novel Xylaria Species Associated with Termite Nests and LC-MS Analysis" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101557