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Antioxidants
Volume 10
Issue 2
10.3390/antiox10020261
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Review

Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders

by
Carmen Mannucci
1,
Marco Casciaro
2,*,
Emanuela Elisa Sorbara
1,
Fabrizio Calapai
3,
Eleonora Di Salvo
4,
Giovanni Pioggia
5,
Michele Navarra
3,
Gioacchino Calapai
1 and
Sebastiano Gangemi
2
1
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
3
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
4
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
5
Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020261
Submission received: 26 November 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2021 / Accepted: 4 February 2021 / Published: 8 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Health and Diseases)
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Abstract

Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called “phytochemicals”. Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
Keywords: nutraceuticals; oxidative stress; immunity; autoimmune; ROS; supplement; inflammation; integrators; diabetes; exogenous antioxidants nutraceuticals; oxidative stress; immunity; autoimmune; ROS; supplement; inflammation; integrators; diabetes; exogenous antioxidants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mannucci, C.; Casciaro, M.; Sorbara, E.E.; Calapai, F.; Di Salvo, E.; Pioggia, G.; Navarra, M.; Calapai, G.; Gangemi, S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020261

AMA Style

Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Sorbara EE, Calapai F, Di Salvo E, Pioggia G, Navarra M, Calapai G, Gangemi S. Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(2):261. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020261

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mannucci, Carmen, Marco Casciaro, Emanuela Elisa Sorbara, Fabrizio Calapai, Eleonora Di Salvo, Giovanni Pioggia, Michele Navarra, Gioacchino Calapai, and Sebastiano Gangemi. 2021. "Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders" Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020261

APA Style

Mannucci, C., Casciaro, M., Sorbara, E. E., Calapai, F., Di Salvo, E., Pioggia, G., Navarra, M., Calapai, G., & Gangemi, S. (2021). Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders. Antioxidants, 10(2), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020261

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