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Antioxidants
Volume 10
Issue 3
10.3390/antiox10030385
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Article

Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves

by
Lena Hunt
1,
Karel Klem
2,
Zuzana Lhotáková
1,
Stanislav Vosolsobě
1,
Michal Oravec
2,
Otmar Urban
2,
Vladimír Špunda
2,3 and
Jana Albrechtová
1,*
1
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 12844 Praha, Czech Republic
2
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Dvořákova 7, 70103 Ostrava, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2021, 10(3), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030385
Submission received: 1 February 2021 / Revised: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 1 March 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics as Antioxidant Agents)
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Abstract

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.
Keywords: phenolic compounds; histochemical localization; elevated CO2; image analysis; irradiance; plant stress; hydroxycinnamic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; flavonoids; barley phenolic compounds; histochemical localization; elevated CO2; image analysis; irradiance; plant stress; hydroxycinnamic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; flavonoids; barley
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MDPI and ACS Style

Hunt, L.; Klem, K.; Lhotáková, Z.; Vosolsobě, S.; Oravec, M.; Urban, O.; Špunda, V.; Albrechtová, J. Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030385

AMA Style

Hunt L, Klem K, Lhotáková Z, Vosolsobě S, Oravec M, Urban O, Špunda V, Albrechtová J. Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(3):385. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030385

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hunt, Lena, Karel Klem, Zuzana Lhotáková, Stanislav Vosolsobě, Michal Oravec, Otmar Urban, Vladimír Špunda, and Jana Albrechtová. 2021. "Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves" Antioxidants 10, no. 3: 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030385

APA Style

Hunt, L., Klem, K., Lhotáková, Z., Vosolsobě, S., Oravec, M., Urban, O., Špunda, V., & Albrechtová, J. (2021). Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves. Antioxidants, 10(3), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030385

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