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Antioxidants
Volume 10
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10.3390/antiox10081197
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Article

Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet

by
Elisabetta Catalani
1,
Giuseppina Fanelli
2,3,
Federica Silvestri
1,
Agnese Cherubini
1,
Simona Del Quondam
1,
Silvia Bongiorni
2,
Anna Rita Taddei
4,
Marcello Ceci
2,
Clara De Palma
5,
Cristiana Perrotta
6,
Sara Rinalducci
2,
Giorgio Prantera
2 and
Davide Cervia
1,*
1
Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
2
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
3
Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
4
Section of Electron Microscopy, Great Equipment Center, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
5
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, via L. Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
6
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081197
Submission received: 1 July 2021 / Revised: 22 July 2021 / Accepted: 25 July 2021 / Published: 27 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural or Synthetic Antioxidants for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Health)
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Abstract

Aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common feature of damaged retinal neurons in diabetic retinopathy, and antioxidants may exert both preventive and therapeutic action. To evaluate the beneficial and antioxidant properties of food supplementation with Lisosan G, a powder of bran and germ of grain (Triticum aestivum) obtained by fermentation with selected lactobacillus and natural yeast strains, we used an in vivo model of hyperglycemia-induced retinal damage, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster fed with high-sucrose diet. Lisosan G positively affected the visual system of hyperglycemic flies at structural/functional level, decreased apoptosis, and reactivated protective autophagy at the retina internal network. Also, in high sucrose-fed Drosophila, Lisosan G reduced the levels of brain ROS and retina peroxynitrite. The analysis of oxidative stress-related metabolites suggested 7,8-dihydrofolate, uric acid, dihydroorotate, γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine, allantoin, cysteinyl-glycine, and quinolate as key mediators of Lisosan G-induced inhibition of neuronal ROS, along with the upregulation of glutathione system. Of note, Lisosan G may impact oxidative stress and the ensuing retinal cell death, also independently from autophagy, although the autophagy-ROS cross-talk is critical. This study demonstrated that the continuous supplementation with the alimentary integrator Lisosan G exerts a robust and multifaceted antioxidant effect on retinal neurons, thus providing efficacious neuroprotection of hyperglycemic eye.
Keywords: nutraceuticals; Drosophila melanogaster; neurodegeneration; diabetic retinopathy; hyperglycemic damage; retina; visual functions; oxidative stress; apoptosis; autophagy nutraceuticals; Drosophila melanogaster; neurodegeneration; diabetic retinopathy; hyperglycemic damage; retina; visual functions; oxidative stress; apoptosis; autophagy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Catalani, E.; Fanelli, G.; Silvestri, F.; Cherubini, A.; Del Quondam, S.; Bongiorni, S.; Taddei, A.R.; Ceci, M.; De Palma, C.; Perrotta, C.; et al. Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081197

AMA Style

Catalani E, Fanelli G, Silvestri F, Cherubini A, Del Quondam S, Bongiorni S, Taddei AR, Ceci M, De Palma C, Perrotta C, et al. Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(8):1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081197

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catalani, Elisabetta, Giuseppina Fanelli, Federica Silvestri, Agnese Cherubini, Simona Del Quondam, Silvia Bongiorni, Anna Rita Taddei, Marcello Ceci, Clara De Palma, Cristiana Perrotta, and et al. 2021. "Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet" Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081197

APA Style

Catalani, E., Fanelli, G., Silvestri, F., Cherubini, A., Del Quondam, S., Bongiorni, S., Taddei, A. R., Ceci, M., De Palma, C., Perrotta, C., Rinalducci, S., Prantera, G., & Cervia, D. (2021). Nutraceutical Strategy to Counteract Eye Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster Fed with High-Sugar Diet. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081197

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