Impressive Impact of Hemp Extract on Antioxidant System in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Organism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Hemolymph Extraction
2.3. Determination of Antioxiant Activities
- −
- SOD according to Podczasy and Wei (1988)
- −
- GPx according to the methods described by Chance and Maehly (1955)
- −
- CAT according to Aebi (1983)
- −
- GST according to Warholm et al. (1985)
- −
- TAC according to the protocol included in the Assay Kit produced by Sigma Aldrich. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 30 °C. Absorbances were measured at 570 nm.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Group | Feeding | Method of Supplementation |
---|---|---|
(1) CSt | sugar syrup (v:v, 1:1) ad libitum and inside with cotton strips soaked with 3 mL hemp extract (0.25 g hemp paste extract + 3 mL water–glycerine solution) | extract on a cotton strip |
(2) CSy | a mixture of sugar syrup (v:v, 1:1) with hemp extract ad libitum (500 mL water–glycerine solution with 4.38 g hemp paste extract) | extract in a syringe |
(3) C | mixture of sugar and a water–glycerine solution (v:v, 1:1) | syrup in a syringe |
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Skowronek, P.; Wójcik, Ł.; Strachecka, A. Impressive Impact of Hemp Extract on Antioxidant System in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Organism. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040707
Skowronek P, Wójcik Ł, Strachecka A. Impressive Impact of Hemp Extract on Antioxidant System in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Organism. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(4):707. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040707
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkowronek, Patrycja, Łukasz Wójcik, and Aneta Strachecka. 2022. "Impressive Impact of Hemp Extract on Antioxidant System in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Organism" Antioxidants 11, no. 4: 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040707