Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells

Hammond, Jessica; Maher, Barbara A.; Gonet, Tomasz; Bautista, Francisco; Allsop, David

doi:10.3390/antiox11091814

Open AccessArticle

Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells

by

Jessica Hammond

^1,*

,

Barbara A. Maher

^2,*,

Tomasz Gonet

^2,†

,

Francisco Bautista

³

and

David Allsop

^1,‡

¹

Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK

²

Centre for Environmental Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK

³

Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Present address: Jaguar Land Rover, Gaydon, Lighthorne Heath, Warwick CV35 0BJ, UK.

^‡

Deceased author.

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1814; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091814

Submission received: 24 July 2022 / Revised: 7 September 2022 / Accepted: 9 September 2022 / Published: 14 September 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress Induced by Air Pollution)

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Abstract

Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0–300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.

Keywords: air pollution; cytotoxicity; road-deposited dust; inflammation; ultrafine particles; reactive oxygen species; transition metals

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hammond, J.; Maher, B.A.; Gonet, T.; Bautista, F.; Allsop, D. Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091814

AMA Style

Hammond J, Maher BA, Gonet T, Bautista F, Allsop D. Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(9):1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091814

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammond, Jessica, Barbara A. Maher, Tomasz Gonet, Francisco Bautista, and David Allsop. 2022. "Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells" Antioxidants 11, no. 9: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091814

APA Style

Hammond, J., Maher, B. A., Gonet, T., Bautista, F., & Allsop, D. (2022). Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants, 11(9), 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091814

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Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells

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