Pyroptosis Modulators: New Insights of Gasdermins in Health and Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural Aspects of the Gasdermin Family in Humans
Human GSDM | Chromosomal Location | Expression Pattern | Pore Formation |
---|---|---|---|
GSDMA | 17q21 | Gastrointestinal tract and skin | Yes |
GSDMB | 17q21 | Cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, T cells, and cervix and breast cells | Yes |
GSDMC | 8q24.2 | Cells of the gastrointestinal tract, trachea, and skin | Yes |
GSDMD | 8q24.2 | Cells of the gastrointestinal tract, macrophages, neutrophiles, monocytes, and T and B cells | Yes |
GSDME | 7p15 | Cells of the gastrointestinal tract, placenta, cochlea, and brain | Yes |
GSDMF | 2q31.1-q31.3 | Cells of the inner ear | ND |
3. Functional Features of the Different Members of the Human Gasdermin Family
3.1. GSDMA
3.2. GSDMB
3.3. GSDMC
3.4. GSDMD
3.5. GSDME
3.6. GSDMF
4. Involvement of Gasdermin Pore Formation in Pyroptosis
5. Gasdermins, Pyroptosis, and Cancer
Compound | Type of Cancer | Pyroptosis-Related Mechanism | Experimental Models | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aloe-emodin | - | Increased pyroptosis via activation of the caspase 3/9-GSDME axis in HeLa cells | HeLa cells | [123] |
Anthocyanin | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | Activation of pyroptosis through enhanced expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β | HaCaT, Tca8113, and SCC15 cells | [100] |
Bexarotene | Ovarian cancer (OC) | Induction of Caspase-4-gasdermin E mediated pyroptosis | ES2 and NIH:OVCAR3 OC cell lines. | [127] |
Combination of BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi + MEKi) | BRAF V600E/K-mutant melanoma | Increased GSDME-mediated pyroptosis related to ERK1/2 pathway inhibition | Human and syngeneic mouse melanoma models | [103] |
Curcumin | Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Augmented pyroptosis through increased expression of GSDME N-terminal domain | HepG2 cells | [121] |
Dihydroartemisinin | Breast cancer (BC) | Induced pyroptosis through promotion of the caspase-3/GSDME axis | MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. BC xenografts in BALB/c nude mice | [126] |
Dimethyl⍺-ketoglutarate | - | Induced GSDMC-dependent pyroptosis through death receptor 6-activated caspase-8 | HeLa and other cell lines. Male nude mice and C57BL/6J mice | [110] |
Galangin | Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) | Simultaneous induction of apoptosis, pytoptosis, and autophagy | U251, U87MG, and A172 cells. Orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice derived from U87MG cells | [101] |
Germacrone | Liver cancer | Induced GSDME-dependent pyroptosis through caspase 3 activation | HepG2 cells. HepG2 cell xenograft models | [122] |
N,N-dimethylbiguanide metformin | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) | Induction of gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis by targeting miR-497/PELP1 axis | Tumor samples of human primary ESCC | [102] |
Phenylsulfonimide PPAR⍺antagonists | Breast cancer (BC) | Induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis via Nrf2 activation and promotion of oxidative stress | MCF7 cell line | [104] |
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside | Colorectal cancer (CC) | GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis through generation of ROS/P13K/AKT/BAK-mitochondrial pathway apoptosis | HCT116 cells. HCT116-CRC xenograft model in nude mice | [117] |
Simvastatin + DNA methyltransferase inhibitor | Gastric Cancer (GC) | Increased GSDME-mediated pyroptosis | Human samples of GC tissue. GC cell lines AGS, MKN45, HGC-27, and MGC-803. GC xenograft model in mice. | [128] |
Trichosanthin | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | Increased pyroptosis via expression of GSDMD and NLRP3 | NSCLC cells. Tumor xenograft model in nude mice derived from A549 cells | [116] |
Wedelolactone | Retinoblastoma (RB) | Pyroptosis and apoptosis induction via simultaneous activation of GSDMD and GSDME, and caspases 1 and 3 | RB cell lines Y79 and Weri-Rb1. Xenograft experiments on BALB/c nude mice derived from Y79 cells. | [125] |
6. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Allali-Boumara, I.; Marrero, A.D.; Quesada, A.R.; Martínez-Poveda, B.; Medina, M.Á. Pyroptosis Modulators: New Insights of Gasdermins in Health and Disease. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081551
Allali-Boumara I, Marrero AD, Quesada AR, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Pyroptosis Modulators: New Insights of Gasdermins in Health and Disease. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(8):1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081551
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllali-Boumara, Imane, Ana Dácil Marrero, Ana R. Quesada, Beatriz Martínez-Poveda, and Miguel Ángel Medina. 2023. "Pyroptosis Modulators: New Insights of Gasdermins in Health and Disease" Antioxidants 12, no. 8: 1551. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081551