Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase OsMEK2 Positively Regulates Ca2+ Influx and Ferroptotic Cell Death during Rice Immune Responses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
2.2. Fungal Cultures and Growth Conditions
2.3. Fungal Inoculation and Infection Evolution
2.4. Treatment of Pharmacological Compounds
2.5. Detection and Quantification of Ca2+ and H2O2
2.6. Prussian Blue Staining
2.7. Glutathione Measurement
2.8. MDA Quantification
2.9. RNA Extraction and Gene Expression Analysis
3. Results
3.1. OsMEK2 Positively Regulates Cytoplasmic Ca2+ and H2O2 Levels during Avirulent M. oryzae Infection
3.2. EGTA Abrogates Ca2+, ROS Increase, Iron Accumulation, and HR Cell Death in WT and ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice
3.3. ASM Enhanced Ca2+, ROS Increase, Iron Accumulation, and HR Cell Death in WT and ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice
3.4. OsMEK2 Increased Glutathione Content and Impaired Lipid Peroxidation during Avirulent M. oryzae Infection
3.5. Defense-Related Genes Were Downregulated in the ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice during Avirulent M. oryzae Infection
4. Discussion
4.1. OsMEK2 Regulated the Accumulation of Cytoplasmic Ca2+ and H2O2 Induced by Avirulent M. oryzae
4.2. EGTA Blocked Ca2+ Influx, ROS Accumulation, Iron Accumulation, and HR Cell Death in WT and ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice
4.3. ASM Enhanced Ca2+ Influx, ROS Accumulation, Iron Accumulation, and HR Cell Death in WT and ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice
4.4. OsMEK2 Regulated Glutathione Depletion and Impaired Lipid Peroxidation during Avirulent M. oryzae Infection
4.5. Time-Course Expression of Defense-Related Genes in WT and ΔOsmek2 Mutant Rice during M. oryzae Infection
4.6. Model of OsMEK2-Mediated Rice Ferroptotic Cell Death and Plant Immune Response
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, J.; Nguyen, N.K.; Liu, D.; Jwa, N.-S. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase OsMEK2 Positively Regulates Ca2+ Influx and Ferroptotic Cell Death during Rice Immune Responses. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13081013
Wang J, Nguyen NK, Liu D, Jwa N-S. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase OsMEK2 Positively Regulates Ca2+ Influx and Ferroptotic Cell Death during Rice Immune Responses. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(8):1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13081013
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Juan, Nam Khoa Nguyen, Dongping Liu, and Nam-Soo Jwa. 2024. "Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase OsMEK2 Positively Regulates Ca2+ Influx and Ferroptotic Cell Death during Rice Immune Responses" Antioxidants 13, no. 8: 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13081013