Systemic Health Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search and Data Extraction
3.2. Outcomes
3.3. Risk of Bias Assessment
4. Discussion
4.1. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
4.1.1. Effects of OLE and HT Supplementation on Anthropometric Parameters
4.1.2. Effects of OLE and HT Supplementation on Lipid Levels
4.1.3. Effects of OLE and HT Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters
4.1.4. Effects of OLE and HT Supplementation on Blood Pressure
4.1.5. Effects of OLE and HT Supplementation on Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers
4.2. Liver Function
4.3. Bone and Joint Health
4.4. Cognitive Health
5. Limitations and Future Perspectives
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criteria | Descriptions |
---|---|
Population | Adult participants (aged > 18 years) regardless of their health status, with the exclusion of pregnant individuals. |
Intervention | Standardized supplement, pure compounds, or enriched foods with OLE and/or HT as part of the intervention. |
Comparison | Placebo that resembled the intervention but lacked the presence of OLE and/or HT. |
Outcome | Evaluation of the effects of OLE and/or HT supplementation on systemic health outcomes, including but not limited to lipid markers (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG), glucose metabolism indicators (FBG, HbA1c), blood pressure measurements (SBP, DBP), inflammation markers (CRP, IL-6, etc.), liver function tests (ALT, AST, GGT), cognitive health tests, etc. |
Study | RCT applying either a crossover or parallel trial design, with a duration of at least two weeks. |
Items of Modified Jadad Score | Scoring Criteria | Points |
---|---|---|
Randomization | Proper randomization described | 2 |
Study described as randomized but without proper randomization | 1 | |
Randomization absent or inappropriate | 0 | |
Concealment of allocation | Proper allocation concealment described | 2 |
Study mentioned using an allocation concealment method but without proper description | 1 | |
Allocation concealment method not described | 0 | |
Blinding | Proper blinding with identical placebo/control | 2 |
Inadequate or undisclosed blinding | 1 | |
Double blinding inappropriate or absent | 0 | |
Withdrawals and dropouts | Numbers and reasons for withdrawals and dropouts detailed | 1 |
Numbers and reasons for withdrawals and dropouts not detailed | 0 | |
Total score | Sum of scores across all components | 0–7 |
Study (Year), Country | Study Design | Participants | Type of Intervention | Intervention/d | Control | Duration | Total Sample (I/C) | Measured Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vázquez-Velasco et al. (2011), Spain [35] | Randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | Healthy subjects | ESO | 10–15 g/d of HT-ESO (45–50 mg HT) | 10–15 g/d of control sun- flower oil | 3 wk | 22 (11/11) | CVD risk factors: Lipid profile, inflammatory markers |
de Bock et al. (2013), New Zealand [44] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | Overweight subjects | Pure compounds | 51.1 mg/d OLE and 9.7 mg/d HT | Placebo | 12 wk | 45 (23/22) | CVD risk factors: Insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, hormones, adiposity, blood pressure, liver parameters |
Filip et al. (2015), Poland [41] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Postmenopausal and osteopenic women | Standardized supplement | 250 mg/d olive extract (100 mg OLE) and 1000 mg Ca | Placebo and 1000 mg Ca | 12 m | 64 (32/32) | Bone metabolism and CVD risk factors: Bone health, lipid profile, inflammatory markers |
Colica et al. (2017), Italy [36] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | Healthy subjects | Pure compound | 15 mg/d HT | Placebo | 3 wk | 28 (14/14) | Antioxidant and metabolic state: Body composition, antioxidant status, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, gene expression |
Lockyer et al. (2017), New Zealand [45] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | Pre-hypertensive subjects | Pure compounds | 136.2 mg/d OLE and 6.4 mg/d HT | Placebo | 6 wk | 60 (30/30) | CVD risk factors: Blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers |
Araki et al. (2019), Japan [46] | Randomized, unblinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Prediabetic subjects | OLI | 990 mL/d OLI (320.8 mg OLE and 11.9 mg HT) | 990 mL/d OLI (23.8 mg OLE and 3 mg HT) | 12 wk | 57 (28/29) | CVD risk factors: Anthropometric parameters, glucose metabolism, lipid profile |
Stevens et al. (2021), the Netherlands [42] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Overweight/obese subjects | Standardized supplement | 500 mg/d olive leaf extract (83.5 mg OLE) | Placebo | 8 wk | 77 (39/38) | CVD risk factors: Anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, liver function |
Fytili et al. (2022), Greece [37] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Overweight/obese subjects | Pure compound | 5 or 15 mg/d HT | Placebo | 6 m | 29 (18/11) | CVD risk factors: Anthropometric parameters |
Horcajada et al. (2022), Belgium [43] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Subjects with knee pain | Standardized supplement | 250 mg/d olive leaf extract (100 mg OLE) | Placebo | 6 m | 124 (62/62) | Joint functional capacity: Joint health, cartilage degradation, inflammatory markers |
Ikonomidis et al. (2023), Greece [38] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial | Chronic coronary artery syndrome subjects | Standardized supplement | 1650 mg olive oil and 10 mg/d HT | 1650 mg olive oil | 4 wk | 30 (17/13) | CCD: Vascular function, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, lipid profile |
Binou et al. (2023), Greece [39] | Randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Overweight/obese and T2DM subjects | Enriched WWB | 60 g/d HT-enriched WWB (32.5 mg HT) | 60 g/d conventional WWBd | 12 wk | 75 (38/37) | CVD risk factors: Anthropometric parameters, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, lipid profile, liver parameters, inflammatory markers, hormones |
Yoon et al. (2023), Japan [40] | Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial | Healthy middle-aged and older subjects | Enriched DOTPs | 6 g/d HT-enriched DOTPs (97.2 HT) | 6 g/d DOTPs | 12 wk | 72 (36/36) | Cognitive function: Memory, attention, processing speed, executive function, reaction time, and motor skills |
Study | Items of Modified Jadad Score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomization | Concealment of Allocation | Double-Blinding | Withdrawals and Dropouts | Total Score | |
Vázquez-Velasco et al. (2011) [35] | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
de Bock et al. (2013) [44] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Filip et al. (2015) [41] | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Colica et al. (2017) [36] | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Lockyer et al. (2017) [45] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Araki et al. (2019) [46] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Stevens et al. (2021) [42] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Fytili et al. (2022) [37] | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
Horcajada et al. (2022) [43] | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Ikonomidis et al. (2023) [38] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Binou et al. (2023) [39] | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Yoon et al. (2023) [40] | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
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Frumuzachi, O.; Gavrilaș, L.I.; Vodnar, D.C.; Rohn, S.; Mocan, A. Systemic Health Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091040
Frumuzachi O, Gavrilaș LI, Vodnar DC, Rohn S, Mocan A. Systemic Health Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(9):1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091040
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrumuzachi, Oleg, Laura Ioana Gavrilaș, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Sascha Rohn, and Andrei Mocan. 2024. "Systemic Health Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials" Antioxidants 13, no. 9: 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091040