Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology: PRISMA-Type Systematic Review Strategy
- Narrative Synthesis: this part focused on the roles of oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases.
- Quantitative Synthesis: this part focused on the microorganism’s composition of gut microbiota.
3. Oxidative Stress and Redox Homeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases
4. Gut Microbiota and Neurodegenerative Diseases
5. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiota
Microorganism Phylum | Relative Abundance (%) in Healthy Individuals | Role in Gut Microbiota | Changes in Neurodegenerative Diseases | Microorganism Species | Number of Mentions in the Selected Articles | Refs. no. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteroidetes | 30 | Metabolism of complex molecules, production of SCFAs (anti-inflammatory properties) | Decrease in abundance, linked to reduced anti-inflammatory properties | Bacteroides | 6 | [104,118,127,129] |
Prevotella | 4 | [104,129] | ||||
Firmicutes | 50 | The phylum Firmicutes is one of the major bacterial groups present in the human gut microbiota. Fermentation of dietary fibers, production of SCFAs (gut barrier integrity, immune response modulation) | Variable, but often altered ratio with Bacteroidetes, linked to various diseases | Firmicutes | 6 | [104,118,127] |
Lactobacillus | 158 | [104,112,117,118,121,125,127] | ||||
Clostridium | 5 | [104,117,127] | ||||
Bacillus | 1 | [118] | ||||
Enterococcus | 2 | [118] | ||||
Streptococcus | 12 | [118] | ||||
Ruminococcus | 4 | [118] | ||||
Eubacterium | 4 | [104,118,129] | ||||
Proteobacteria | 10 | Includes many pathogenic bacteria, can contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress | Increase in abundance, associated with heightened inflammation and oxidative stress | Escherichia | 6 | [104,118] |
Helicobacter | 1 | [104] | ||||
Actinobacteria | 5 | Includes beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (gut health maintenance, vitamin production) | Decrease in abundance, linked to increased gut permeability and systemic inflammation | Bifidobacterium | 59 | [104,112,118,127] |
Verrucomicrobia | 2 | Includes Akkermansia muciniphila (mucin degradation, improved metabolic health, reduced inflammation) | Decrease in abundance, related to metabolic health and inflammation | Akkermansia muciniphila | 4 | [104,127] |
6. Hormesis, Nutrients (Polyphenols and Probiotics) in Gut–Brain Axis Disorders
7. Epigenetic Modifications and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases
8. The Interplay between Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases
9. Limitations of the Study
10. Conclusions and Future Directions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Keywords | PubMed | Scopus | Web of Science | Google Scholar | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
“Neurodegenerative Disease” + “Oxidative Stress” | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
“Alzheimer’s Disease” + “Oxidative Stress” | 13 | 3 | 14 | 22 | 53 |
“Parkinson’s Disease” + “Oxidative Stress” | 8 | 8 | 9 | 14 | 39 |
“Huntington’s Disease” + “Oxidative Stress” | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
“Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” + “Oxidative Stress” | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 |
“Multiple Sclerosis” + “Oxidative Stress” | 6 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 21 |
“Gut Microbiota” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
“Microbiota” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
“Epigenetic” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
“DNA Methylation” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
“Histone Modification” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
“RNA” + “Neurodegenerative Disease” | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
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Munteanu, C.; Galaction, A.I.; Turnea, M.; Blendea, C.D.; Rotariu, M.; Poștaru, M. Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1062. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091062
Munteanu C, Galaction AI, Turnea M, Blendea CD, Rotariu M, Poștaru M. Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(9):1062. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091062
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunteanu, Constantin, Anca Irina Galaction, Marius Turnea, Corneliu Dan Blendea, Mariana Rotariu, and Mădălina Poștaru. 2024. "Redox Homeostasis, Gut Microbiota, and Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review" Antioxidants 13, no. 9: 1062. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091062