Polyester-Based Dendrimer Nanoparticles Combined with Etoposide Have an Improved Cytotoxic and Pro-Oxidant Effect on Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Instruments
2.2. Entrapment Reaction of ETO in Dendrimer 4
2.3. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on FTIR Spectral Data
2.4. Quantitative Investigations by UV Spectrophotometric Analysis: ETO Loading (DL%) Determination
2.4.1. Preparation of Calibration Curve
2.4.2. Estimation of ETO Amount (DL%) Loaded in CPX 5
2.5. Morphology, Size and Z-potential of CPX 5
2.5.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.5.2. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
2.6. Evaluation of CPX Solubility
2.7. Cell Culture Conditions and Treatments
2.8. Cell Viability Assay
2.9. Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Production
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Entrapment of ETO in Dendrimer 4
3.1.1. Chemistry
3.1.2. FTIR Characterization
3.1.3. NMR Characterization
3.1.4. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on FTIR Spectral Data
3.1.5. Quantitative Investigations by UV Spectrophotometric Analysis: ETO Loading (DL%) Determination
Calibration Curve
Estimation of ETO Amount in CPX 5 (DL%) and of Entrapment Efficiency (EE%)
3.1.6. Morphology, Size, and Z-potential of CPX 5
3.1.7. Evaluation of CPX 5 Solubility
3.2. Biological Activity of CPX 5 on Human NB Cells
3.2.1. CPX 5 Revealed a Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect Exerted by Dendrimer 4 per se and by the Complexed ETO Slowly Released over Time
3.2.2. CPX 5 Potentiates the Cytotoxic Action of ETO by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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A | CETO (µg/mL) | εETOC (M−1 L cm−1) |
---|---|---|
0.149 | 18.7 | 4690 |
0.152 | 19.0 | 4709 |
0.146 | 18.3 | 4696 |
0.149 | 18.7 | 4690 |
0.148 | 18.6 | 4684 |
0.151 | 18.9 | 4703 |
Dendrimer 4 (µg, µmol) | ETO Content (µg, µmol) | DL% (w/w) | EE% (w/w) | ETO Content (molesETO/mole4) | Molecular Weight (MW) of CPX 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
31.3, 0.0043 | 18.7, 0.032 | 37.4 | 89.3 | 7.4 | 11,631 |
Z-AVE Size (nm) 1 | PdI 2 | Average Particles Size (nm) by SEM Analysis | Z-potential (mV) 3 |
---|---|---|---|
69.2 ± 1.08 | 0.536 ± 0.002 | 76.25 ± 17.3 | −45 ± 0.34 |
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Alfei, S.; Marengo, B.; Domenicotti, C. Polyester-Based Dendrimer Nanoparticles Combined with Etoposide Have an Improved Cytotoxic and Pro-Oxidant Effect on Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010050
Alfei S, Marengo B, Domenicotti C. Polyester-Based Dendrimer Nanoparticles Combined with Etoposide Have an Improved Cytotoxic and Pro-Oxidant Effect on Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(1):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010050
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfei, Silvana, Barbara Marengo, and Cinzia Domenicotti. 2020. "Polyester-Based Dendrimer Nanoparticles Combined with Etoposide Have an Improved Cytotoxic and Pro-Oxidant Effect on Human Neuroblastoma Cells" Antioxidants 9, no. 1: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010050