Oral Bisphenol A Worsens Liver Immune-Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Adult Mice: Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. In Vivo Experimental Procedures
2.2. Biochemical, Hormone, and Hepatic Determinations
2.3. Glucose and Pyruvate Tolerance Tests
2.4. Measurements of Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity and Enzyme Activity
2.5. ROS Assay and Malondialdehyde Measurement
2.6. Hepatic Histological Analysis
2.7. Protein Preparation and Western Blot Analysis
2.8. RNA Isolation and Real-Time PCR
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of BPA Exposure on Serum Biochemical Parameters and Adipokine Profile in HFD Mice
3.2. BPA Exacerbates HFD-Induced Impairment of Glucose Homeostasis
3.3. BPA Exposure Worsens Liver Inflammation in HFD-Fed Mice
3.4. BPA Worsens Liver Mitochondrial Efficiency and Oxidative Stress Induced by HFD
3.5. BPA Amplifies Immune/Inflammatory Response and Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Liver of HFD Mice
3.6. BPA Exposure Promotes Liver Fibrosis Progression in HFD-Fed Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serum Parameters | STD | HFD | HFD + BPA |
---|---|---|---|
ALT (U/L) | 65.0 ± 2.12 | 139.2 ± 4.03 **** | 183.2 ± 3.16 #### |
ALP (U/L) | 155.0 ± 3.44 | 265.6 ± 4.58 **** | 288.2 ± 6.41 # |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 114.6 ± 5.391 | 218.6 ± 6.87 **** | 258.3 ± 6.86 ## |
MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 28.50 ± 1.28 | 61.0 ± 2.00 **** | 74.6 ± 3.55 ## |
LPS (U/mL) | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 1.53 ± 0.02 **** | 1.84 ± 0.04 ## |
IL-10 (ng/mL) | 0.044 ± 0.002 | 0.034 ± 0.003 * | 0.019 ± 0.001 ## |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 12.88 ± 0.36 **** | 15.65 ± 0.42 ### |
Adiponectin (mg/mL) | 2.87 ± 0.09 | 1.26 ± 0.06 **** | 1.07 ± 0.07 **** |
Lep/Adipo ratio | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 9.63 ± 0.08 **** | 15.59 ± 0.81 #### |
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Pirozzi, C.; Lama, A.; Annunziata, C.; Cavaliere, G.; Ruiz-Fernandez, C.; Monnolo, A.; Comella, F.; Gualillo, O.; Stornaiuolo, M.; Mollica, M.P.; et al. Oral Bisphenol A Worsens Liver Immune-Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Adult Mice: Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121201
Pirozzi C, Lama A, Annunziata C, Cavaliere G, Ruiz-Fernandez C, Monnolo A, Comella F, Gualillo O, Stornaiuolo M, Mollica MP, et al. Oral Bisphenol A Worsens Liver Immune-Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Adult Mice: Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(12):1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121201
Chicago/Turabian StylePirozzi, Claudio, Adriano Lama, Chiara Annunziata, Gina Cavaliere, Clara Ruiz-Fernandez, Anna Monnolo, Federica Comella, Oreste Gualillo, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Maria Pina Mollica, and et al. 2020. "Oral Bisphenol A Worsens Liver Immune-Metabolic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet in Adult Mice: Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Pathway" Antioxidants 9, no. 12: 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121201