Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Abnormalities: Involvement of Oxidative Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Interventional Study
2.3. Retinal Tissue Processing
2.4. Western Blotting
2.5. Immunofluorescence Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Topical Administration of GLP-1 has no Effect on Body Weight and Systemic Blood Glucose Levels
3.2. Topical Administration of GLP-1 Reduces DNA/RNA Damage through the Decrease of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) Induced by Diabetes in the Retina
3.3. GLP-1 Eyedrops Protect from Oxidative Stress by Increasing the Protein Levels of Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Copper–Zinc and Manganese Superoxide Dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD) in Diabetic Retinas
3.4. Topical Administration of GLP-1 Activates the Expression in the Retina of Proteins Involved in DNA Repair (Babam2) and Cell Proliferation (Ki67)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibodies | Description |
---|---|
Babam2 | Rabbit monoclonal; 1:1000; ab177960; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Cyclophilin A | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:10,000; BML-SA296; Enzo Life Sciences, Lausen, Switzerland |
CuZnSOD | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:1000; GTX100554; GeneTex, Hsinchu, Taiwan |
Gadph | Mouse monoclonal; 1:10,000; sc-32233; Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas, USA |
Glutathione peroxidase | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:1000; GTX116040; GeneTex, Hsinchu, Taiwan |
Glutathione reductase | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:1000; GTX114199; GeneTex, Hsinchu, Taiwan |
MnSOD | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:1000; ab13533; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Vinculin | Mouse monoclonal; 1:7000; sc-73614; Santa Cruz, Dallas, Texas, USA |
Primary Antibodies | Description |
---|---|
DNA/RNA damage (8-hydroxy-guanosine) | Mouse monoclonal; 1:100; ab62623; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Babam2 | Rabbit monoclonal; 1:100; ab177960; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
CuZnSOD | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:100; GTX100554; GeneTex, Hsinchu, Taiwan |
Ki67 | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:500; ab15580 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) |
MnSOD | Rabbit polyclonal; 1:100; ab13533; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
NeuN | Mouse monoclonal; 1:200; ab104224; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Nitro tyrosine | Mouse monoclonal; 1:100; ab7048; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Secondary Antibodies | Description |
Alexa Fluor 488 Goat anti-mouse | Goat polyclonal; 1:600; #A-11032; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Alexa Fluor 488 Goat anti-rabbit | Goat polyclonal; 1:600; ab150081; Abcam, Cambridge, UK |
Alexa Fluor 594 Goat anti-mouse | Goat polyclonal; 1:600; ab150113; Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific) Waltham, MA, USA |
Alexa Fluor 594 Goat anti-rabbit | Goat polyclonal; 1:600; A-110012; Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific) Waltham, MA, USA |
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Ramos, H.; Bogdanov, P.; Sampedro, J.; Huerta, J.; Simó, R.; Hernández, C. Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Abnormalities: Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090846
Ramos H, Bogdanov P, Sampedro J, Huerta J, Simó R, Hernández C. Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Abnormalities: Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):846. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090846
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamos, Hugo, Patricia Bogdanov, Joel Sampedro, Jordi Huerta, Rafael Simó, and Cristina Hernández. 2020. "Beneficial Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Diabetes-Induced Retinal Abnormalities: Involvement of Oxidative Stress" Antioxidants 9, no. 9: 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090846