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Article

Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk

by
Vladlen S. Nichka
1,2,
Thibaud R. Geoffroy
1,
Victor Nikonenko
2 and
Laurent Bazinet
1,*
1
Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
2
Physical Chemistry Department, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Membranes 2020, 10(9), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200
Submission received: 7 August 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 / Published: 26 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In-Depth on the Fouling and Antifouling of Ion-Exchange Membranes)

Abstract

Fouling is one of the major problems in electrodialysis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of five different solution flow rates (corresponding to Reynolds numbers of 162, 242, 323, 404 and 485) combined with the use of pulsed electric field (PEF) current mode on protein fouling of bipolar membrane (BPM) during electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) of skim milk. The application of PEF prevented the fouling formation by proteins on the cationic interface of the BPM almost completely, regardless of the flow rate or Reynolds number. Indeed, under PEF mode of current the weight of protein fouling was negligible in comparison with CC current mode (0.07 ± 0.08 mg/cm2 versus 5.56 ± 2.40 mg/cm2). When a continuous current (CC) mode was applied, Reynolds number equals or higher than 323 corresponded to a minimal value of protein fouling of BPM. This positive effect of both increasing the flow rate and using PEF is due to the facts that during pauses, the solution flow flushes the accumulated protein from the membrane while in the same time there is a decrease in concentration polarization (CP) and consequently decrease in H+ generation at the cationic interface of the BPM, minimizing fouling formation and accumulation.
Keywords: electrochemical acidification; electrodialysis; casein; concentration polarization; ion-exchange membrane; fouling; Reynolds number; mode of current; flow flush electrochemical acidification; electrodialysis; casein; concentration polarization; ion-exchange membrane; fouling; Reynolds number; mode of current; flow flush
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MDPI and ACS Style

Nichka, V.S.; Geoffroy, T.R.; Nikonenko, V.; Bazinet, L. Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk. Membranes 2020, 10, 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200

AMA Style

Nichka VS, Geoffroy TR, Nikonenko V, Bazinet L. Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk. Membranes. 2020; 10(9):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nichka, Vladlen S., Thibaud R. Geoffroy, Victor Nikonenko, and Laurent Bazinet. 2020. "Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk" Membranes 10, no. 9: 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200

APA Style

Nichka, V. S., Geoffroy, T. R., Nikonenko, V., & Bazinet, L. (2020). Impacts of Flow Rate and Pulsed Electric Field Current Mode on Protein Fouling Formation during Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification of Skim Milk. Membranes, 10(9), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090200

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