Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Aspects
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemical Products and Membrane
3.2. Experimental Set-Up
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Pure Solvents Permeation
4.2. Acetone Dehydration
4.3. Organic Purification from Multi-Components Mixtures
4.3.1. Acetone Purification from Ternary Mixtures
4.3.2. Acetone and MEK Purification from Quaternary Mixtures
4.3.3. MEK Purification from MEK-Water-MeOH-DCM-Acetone-Toluene Mixture
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Log Kow (-) | Saturated Vapor Pressure at 30 °C (kPa) * | Kinetic Diameter (Å) |
---|---|---|---|
Water | - | 4.2 | 2.96 |
Acetone | −0.24 | 37.5 | 4.69 |
DCM | 1.25 | 70.5 | 4.60 |
Ethanol | −0.31 | 10.4 | 4.30 |
MEK | 0.29 | 15.0 | 5.04 |
Methanol (MeoH) | −0.77 | 21.9 | 3.80 |
Toluene | 2.73 | 4.9 | 5.68 |
Mixture | Temperature (°C) | Membrane | Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|
Acetone/Water | 30 | M1 | 295 |
Acetone/Water | 45 | M1 | 90 |
Acetone/Water | 30 | M2 | 150 |
Acetone/Water/MeOH | 50 | M1 | 120 |
Acetone/Water/DCM | 50 | M1 | 145 |
Acetone/Water/MeOH/DCM | 50 | M1 | 120 |
MEK/Water/MeOH/DCM | 50 | M1 | 180 |
MEK/Water/MeOH/DCM/Acetone/Toluene | 50 | M1 | 210 |
Compound | Membrane | Temperature | Flux | Permeance (gpu) |
---|---|---|---|---|
(°C) | (kg·h−1·m−2) | |||
Water | M1 | 30 | 1.01 | 11,950 |
M1 | 45 | 2.63 | 13,019 | |
M2 | 30 | 1.39 | 16,866 | |
Ethanol | M1 | 30 | 0.71 | 1262 |
M2 | 30 | 0.47 | 836 | |
Acetone | M1 | 30 | 0.76 | 291 |
M2 | 30 | 0.49 | 188 | |
MEK | M1 | 30 | 0.27 | 212 |
M2 | 30 | - | - |
Membrane | Temperature (°C) | Water Permeance (GPU) | References |
---|---|---|---|
PVA-MWCNT/CS | 30 | 1910 | [43] |
crosslinked PVA-MWCNT/CS | 30 | 1100 | [43] |
crosslinked PVA-MWCNT/CS | 45 | 300 | [43] |
PervapTM 1210 (PVA/PAN) | 50 | 3319 | [44] |
PervapTM 1210 (PVA/PAN) | 60 | 4150 | [44] |
BTESE hybrid silica | 30 | 5488 | This study |
BTESE hybrid silica | 45 | 4220 | This study |
Zr doped BTESM hybrid silica | 30 | 13,770 | This study |
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La Rocca, T.; Carretier, E.; Dhaler, D.; Louradour, E.; Truong, T.; Moulin, P. Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes. Membranes 2019, 9, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070076
La Rocca T, Carretier E, Dhaler D, Louradour E, Truong T, Moulin P. Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes. Membranes. 2019; 9(7):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070076
Chicago/Turabian StyleLa Rocca, Thomas, Emilie Carretier, Didier Dhaler, Eric Louradour, Thien Truong, and Philippe Moulin. 2019. "Purification of Pharmaceutical Solvents by Pervaporation through Hybrid Silica Membranes" Membranes 9, no. 7: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070076