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Article

Characterization of Fine-Scale Turbulence Generated in a Laboratory Orbital Shaker and Its Influence on Skeletonema costatum

by
Lin Yu
1,2,†,
Yifan Li
2,†,
Zhongzhi Yao
3,4,†,
Long You
2,
Zong-Pei Jiang
2,
Wei Fan
1,2 and
Yiwen Pan
1,2,*
1
Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 570203, China
2
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
3
Ocean Science and Technology College, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
4
Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Sanya 572022, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1053; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081053
Submission received: 13 June 2022 / Revised: 27 July 2022 / Accepted: 27 July 2022 / Published: 31 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Oceans and Blue Carbon)
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Abstract

Turbulence is one of the ubiquitous aspects of aquatic systems and affects many physical and biological processes. Based on direct velocity measurements and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, we characterized the distribution of the turbulent kinetic dissipations rates (ε) in an orbital shaker system within a range of rotation frequencies. CFD was able to estimate the ε distribution in containers accurately, which was confirmed by other two methods and was independent of velocity measurement. The results showed that ε was linearly correlated with the rotational frequencies. Despite the existence of gradients of ε and the fact that a mean circular horizontal flow was formed within the tank, the energy levels of the whole tank varied spatially within an order of magnitude and the ε distributions at different rotational frequencies were similar, suggesting that the ε distribution in the whole tank could be seen as quasi-homogeneous. To investigate the influence of turbulence on algae growth, culture experiments of a typical diatom—Skeletonema costatum were carried out under different turbulence conditions. Our results suggested turbulence mixing promoted nutrient uptake and growth of Skeletonema costatum, which could be attributed to the break of the diffusion-limited resource concentration boundary layer surrounding phytoplankton.
Keywords: turbulence; orbital shaker; phytoplankton culture turbulence; orbital shaker; phytoplankton culture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, L.; Li, Y.; Yao, Z.; You, L.; Jiang, Z.-P.; Fan, W.; Pan, Y. Characterization of Fine-Scale Turbulence Generated in a Laboratory Orbital Shaker and Its Influence on Skeletonema costatum. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081053

AMA Style

Yu L, Li Y, Yao Z, You L, Jiang Z-P, Fan W, Pan Y. Characterization of Fine-Scale Turbulence Generated in a Laboratory Orbital Shaker and Its Influence on Skeletonema costatum. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(8):1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081053

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Lin, Yifan Li, Zhongzhi Yao, Long You, Zong-Pei Jiang, Wei Fan, and Yiwen Pan. 2022. "Characterization of Fine-Scale Turbulence Generated in a Laboratory Orbital Shaker and Its Influence on Skeletonema costatum" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8: 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081053

APA Style

Yu, L., Li, Y., Yao, Z., You, L., Jiang, Z.-P., Fan, W., & Pan, Y. (2022). Characterization of Fine-Scale Turbulence Generated in a Laboratory Orbital Shaker and Its Influence on Skeletonema costatum. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(8), 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081053

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