Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns, Stoichiometry, and Eutrophication Assessment in the Tieshan Bay Coastal Water, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Field Monitoring
2.2. Data Processing and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Method
2.3.1. Assessment of DIN and DIP Pollution Degrees in Tieshan Bay
2.3.2. EI Assessment in Tieshan Bay
2.3.3. Contribution of COD and Nutrients to EI in Tieshan Bay
2.3.4. CI of Organic Pollution Assessment in Tieshan Bay
3. Results
3.1. Spatiotemporal Nutrient Concentration Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.1.1. Spatiotemporal DIN Concentration Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.1.2. Spatiotemporal DIP Concentration Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.1.3. Spatiotemporal COD Concentration Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.2. Spatiotemporal DIN/DIP Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.3. Spatiotemporal EI Variation in Tieshan Bay
3.4. Contribution of Nutrients to EI
3.5. Spatiotemporal CI Variation in Tieshan Bay
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of DIN, DIP, and COD in Tieshan Bay with Those of Other Chinese and World
4.2. Effects of the Riverine Freshwater Input on DIN, DIP, and COD in Tieshan Bay
4.3. Seawater Acidification and the Effect of Stream Input on Organic Pollution
4.4. Key Environmental Factors Affecting Nutrients in Tieshan Bay
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Projects | Average Single Factor Pollution Index | Single Factor Pollution Index Range | Station Exceedance Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
DIN normal water flow Season | 0.174 ± 0.143 | 0.002~0.384 | 0.0 |
DIN wet water flow season | 0.120 ± 0.209 | 0.013~0.654 | 0.0 |
DIN dry water flow season | 0.203 ± 0.294 | 0.010~0.882 | 0.0 |
DIP normal water flow Season | 0.153 ± 0.138 | 0.033~0.467 | 0.0 |
DIP wet water flow season | 0.135 ± 0.218 | 0.033~0.711 | 0.0 |
DIP dry water flow season | 0.409 ± 0.381 | 0.067~1.289 | 12.5 |
Area | DIN (mg/L) | DIP (mg/L) | COD (mg/L) | EI | DIN/DIP | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oinzhou Bay | 0.21 | 0.018 | 1.44 | 1.73 | 35–154 | [58,66,67] |
Fangchenggang Bay | 0.126 | 0.019 | Nd | Nd | Nd | [59] |
Bohai Bay | 0.125 | 0.002 | 1.81 | Nd | Nd | [60,61] |
Daya bay | 0.128 | 0.005 | Nd | Nd | Nd | [4] |
Pearl River Estuary | 0.688 | Nd | 1.02 | 8.64 | 42.6 | [18,62] |
Zhenzhu Bay | Nd | Nd | Nd | 1.52 | Nd | [66] |
Lianzhou Bay | Nd | Nd | Nd | 28.48 | Nd | [66] |
Yellow River Estuary | Nd | Nd | Nd | 0.56 | 51.1 | [68] |
Rhone River Estuary, France | 1.876 | 0.017 | Nd | Nd | 110.7 | [63,64] |
Mississippi River | 1.125 | 0.029 | Nd | Nd | 38.31 | [65] |
Tieshan Bay | 0.071 ± 0.115 | 0.008 ± 0.013 | 0.71 ± 0.219 | 0.519 ± 1.536 | 30.2 ± 13.2 | This study |
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Zhang, P.; Wu, S.; Xu, M.; Luo, X.; Peng, X.; Ren, C.; Zhang, J. Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns, Stoichiometry, and Eutrophication Assessment in the Tieshan Bay Coastal Water, China. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081602
Zhang P, Wu S, Xu M, Luo X, Peng X, Ren C, Zhang J. Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns, Stoichiometry, and Eutrophication Assessment in the Tieshan Bay Coastal Water, China. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023; 11(8):1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081602
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Peng, Siying Wu, Menghan Xu, Xiaojun Luo, Xi Peng, Chaoxing Ren, and Jibiao Zhang. 2023. "Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns, Stoichiometry, and Eutrophication Assessment in the Tieshan Bay Coastal Water, China" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 8: 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081602
APA StyleZhang, P., Wu, S., Xu, M., Luo, X., Peng, X., Ren, C., & Zhang, J. (2023). Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns, Stoichiometry, and Eutrophication Assessment in the Tieshan Bay Coastal Water, China. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(8), 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081602