Influence of Edge-Limited Hot Surfaces on Accidental Ignition and Combustion in Ship Engine Rooms: A Case Study of Marine Diesel Leakage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Experimental Marine Diesel and Arrangement
2.2. Heat Transfer and Ignition Mechanism of Leaking Marine Fuel on Hot Surface
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Edge Structure on Diesel HSI Position with Varying Leakage Rate
3.2. Edge-Limitied HSI Position of Marine Fuel for Elevated HSTs
3.3. Influence of Edge Structure on Ignition Delay Time of Marine Diesel Leakage
3.4. Flame Spread of Leaking Marine Fuel above Hot Surface Edge Structure
4. Conclusions
- The presence of edge structures on hot surface affects the plume swirling process, which in turn exerts influence on the flow state of a plume. The varying combustion patterns and turbulence of plumes on hot surface impact the radiative and convective thermal feedback effects of the flame on marine diesel.
- HSI position is influenced by edged hot surfaces, causing the vertical centerline to shift towards the edge structure. Equation (9) is a prediction model for determining HSI height of marine diesel for varying leakage flow rates. Equation (11) was developed to evaluate the occurrence of diesel HSI in cases of leakage based on monitored HST, which is crucial for preventing initial ignition.
- Ignition delay time of diesel leakage on edged hot surfaces decreases as the leakage flow rate increases. This change causes the initial HSI of gaseous mixtures to occur earlier, potentially creating new fire hazards in ship engine rooms. In the event of significant leakage from a piping system, the time required for diesel leakage HSI on edge-limited surfaces is reduced.
- Unstable plumes gradually descend to a position near the hot surface and begin to tumble and expand upward. This phenomenon occurs due to a puffing motion, which accelerates the mixing of HSI-driven vapors with the engine room’s air. Puffing motion is affected by edged hot surfaces and is also correlated with the HST.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | Surface cross-sectional area, m |
ag,n | Gray gas weighting coefficient |
Cp,l | Specific heat of liquid fuel, kJ/(kg·K) |
D | Diameter of pool’s side length, m |
E | Evaporation rate, kg/(m2·s) |
Fb | Configuration factor |
Hmax | Maximum HSI height, m |
Have | Mean HSI height of diesel on edge-limited surface, m |
Hfg | Latent heat of vaporization, J/(kg∙K) |
hF | Heat transfer coefficient of film boiling mode, W/(m2·K) |
hn | Heat transfer coefficient of nuclear boiling mode, W/(m2·K) |
kg,n | Absorption coefficient, Pa−1·m−1 |
L | Path length, m |
mb | Area-specific mass burning rate, kg/(m2·s) |
mf | Evaporation mass of liquid fuel, kg/(m2·s) |
p | Partial pressure, Pa |
qfs | Heat flux received by the fuel surface, kW/m2 |
qc0 | Dominant heat feedback being by convection, kW |
qr0 | Dominant heat feedback being by radiation, kW |
Qrad | Radiation from heat transfer to lower half of liquid surface, W/(m·K) |
Rrad | Radial direction, m |
r | Radius of liquid droplet, m |
S | Stoichiometric air-to-fuel mass ratio |
Tsat | Saturation temperature, K |
Ts | Hot-surface temperature, K |
Tf | Temperature of liquid fuel, K |
t | Time scale, s |
∆Hg | Heat of gasification of combustible fuel, kJ/kg |
∆Hch | Chemical heat of combustion, kJ/kg |
εm | Total emissivity of soot/CO2/H2O mixtures |
ρv | Fuel vapor density, kg/m3 |
μvf | Viscosity of vapor in the film between wall and liquid, Pa∙s |
Ys | Smoke yield (mass of smoke/mass of fuel) |
λ | Latent heat of liquid fuel, kJ/kg |
σ | Stefan-Boltzmann constant |
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Liu, X.; Wang, K.; He, Y.; Ming, Y.; Wang, H. Influence of Edge-Limited Hot Surfaces on Accidental Ignition and Combustion in Ship Engine Rooms: A Case Study of Marine Diesel Leakage. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020247
Liu X, Wang K, He Y, Ming Y, Wang H. Influence of Edge-Limited Hot Surfaces on Accidental Ignition and Combustion in Ship Engine Rooms: A Case Study of Marine Diesel Leakage. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(2):247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020247
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xiaolei, Kan Wang, Yuru He, Yang Ming, and Hao Wang. 2024. "Influence of Edge-Limited Hot Surfaces on Accidental Ignition and Combustion in Ship Engine Rooms: A Case Study of Marine Diesel Leakage" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 2: 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020247