Numerical Simulations of Seaplane Ditching on Calm Water and Uniform Water Current Coupled with Wind
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Methods
2.1. Governing Equations
2.2. Turbulence Modeling
2.3. Finite-Volume Discretization
2.4. Overset Grid Technique
2.5. Six-Degree-of-Freedom Body Motions
3. Model and Grid Generation
3.1. Geometry of the Model
3.2. Computational Domain
3.3. Grid Generation
4. Numerical Results and Discussions
4.1. Verification and Validation
4.2. Ditching on Calm Water
4.3. Ditching on Water with Current/Wind
5. Conclusions
- The motion amplitude and accelerations can be increased by increasing the initial horizontal velocity of the plane, . A higher means more kinetic energy can be transferred to the fluid energies, and therefore, the plane velocity must be controlled before the plane ditches on calm water. The peak of the local pressure at the probe P1 was little affected by changing . However, the impact time at P1 was delayed for a higher . For the local pressure at P2 and P3, the impact time was almost the same for the cases with various .
- The motion responses of the case with the initial pitch angle were the largest in comparison with the results of the cases with and . The first impact time of the local pressures at probes P1, P2, and P3 was also longer for the case with . Therefore, the initial pitch angle should not be close to .
- The effects of wind and current on the ditching performance of the TN2929 model were explained. The water current in the opposite direction of the advancing plane led to an increase in the horizontal loads, while the vertical loads were less affected by the current. The wind in the opposite direction of the advancing plane had little influence on the amplitude of slamming loads and motions. However, the wind was able to delay the impact time for the total loads and local pressures.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Symbol | Value |
---|---|---|
Length | L (m) | 1.2192 |
Width | B (m) | 1.6764 |
Height | h (m) | 0.2985 |
Mass | m (kg) | 5.6750 |
Area of wings | S () | 0.4045 |
Center of gravity | (m) | 0.5705 |
Center of gravity | (m) | 0.1015 |
Moment of inertia | 0.29245 | |
Moment of inertia | 0.29245 |
Grid Sets | (m) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coarse | 0.010 | 1,567,057 | 124,738 | 1,691,795 |
Medium | 0.007 | 4,331,304 | 298,393 | 4,629,697 |
Fine | 0.004 | 6,417,224 | 1107,193 | 7,524,417 |
Time Steps | (s) | CFL |
---|---|---|
TS1 | 0.0025 | 1.3 |
TS2 | 0.0020 | 1.0 |
TS3 | 0.0015 | 0.7 |
Probes | X (m) | Y (m) | Z (m) |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.0361 | 0.0010 | 0.2033 |
P2 | 0.6345 | 0.0010 | 0.0239 |
P3 | 1.1128 | 0.0010 | 0.0147 |
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Zha, R.; Wang, K.; Sun, J.; Tu, H.; Hu, Q. Numerical Simulations of Seaplane Ditching on Calm Water and Uniform Water Current Coupled with Wind. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020296
Zha R, Wang K, Sun J, Tu H, Hu Q. Numerical Simulations of Seaplane Ditching on Calm Water and Uniform Water Current Coupled with Wind. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(2):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020296
Chicago/Turabian StyleZha, Ruosi, Kai Wang, Jianglong Sun, Haiwen Tu, and Qi Hu. 2024. "Numerical Simulations of Seaplane Ditching on Calm Water and Uniform Water Current Coupled with Wind" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 2: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020296