This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
Analysing the Directional Dependence of Wind and Wave Interactions for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Environmental Contours
by
Malte Kaliske
Malte Kaliske * and
Boso Schmidt
Boso Schmidt
Institute of Concrete Construction, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071116 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 June 2024
/
Revised: 22 June 2024
/
Accepted: 26 June 2024
/
Published: 2 July 2024
Abstract
The structural design of offshore wind turbines is dominated by environmental conditions such as wind and waves, in addition to deadweight loads and loads from operation. Probabilistic combination approaches exist for the ultimate limit state (ULS) to estimate the simultaneous occurrence of extreme meteorological and oceanographic (metocean) environmental conditions at the site of an offshore wind turbine. The site-specific direction of action of the load parameters is mostly neglected in these approaches; the design of offshore wind turbines in the ULS is usually carried out for the most structurally unfavourable directional superposition of load parameters—which is not based on physical principles and wastes potential material savings. The reasons for different load parameters in different directions of action are the influences of nearby land masses and the topographic shape of the sea floor, atmospheric air circulation, and marine current systems. In this paper, wind and sea state data from the coastDat-2 WAM database are statistically analysed for two sites in the North Sea, common environmental contours are estimated using the example of significant wave height and wind speed, and the site-specific influence of the direction of the load parameters on the environmental contours are investigated. It is shown that, depending on the site under consideration, the direction of action can significantly influence the metocean environmental conditions and that direction-resolved probabilistic combination approaches can contribute to a safe and economic structural design of offshore wind turbines.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Kaliske, M.; Schmidt, B.
Analysing the Directional Dependence of Wind and Wave Interactions for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Environmental Contours. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 1116.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071116
AMA Style
Kaliske M, Schmidt B.
Analysing the Directional Dependence of Wind and Wave Interactions for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Environmental Contours. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(7):1116.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071116
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kaliske, Malte, and Boso Schmidt.
2024. "Analysing the Directional Dependence of Wind and Wave Interactions for Offshore Wind Turbines Using Environmental Contours" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 7: 1116.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071116
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.