Modeling the Impact of Extreme River Discharge on the Nutrient Dynamics and Dissolved Oxygen in Two Adjacent Estuaries (Portugal)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. In Situ Data Collection
2.3. Model Implementation
2.4. Model Calibration and Validation
2.5. Model Scenarios
3. Results
3.1. Model Calibration and Validation
3.2. Model Scenarios
3.2.1. Summer Season
3.2.2. Winter Season
4. Discussion
4.1. Model Calibration and Validation
4.2. Model Scenarios
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substances | Processes |
---|---|
Algae [Non-Diatoms] | Potential minimum dissolved oxygen [OXYMin] |
Net primary production and mortality [GroMrt_Gre] | |
Dissolved Oxygen [OXY] | Potential minimum dissolved oxygen [OXYMin] |
Uptake of nutrients by growth of alga [NutUpt_alg] | |
Variation of primary production within day [VAROXY] | |
Horizontal dispersion velocity dependence [HDisperVel] | |
Denitrification in water column [Denwat_NO3] | |
Nitrification of ammonium [Nitrif_NH4] | |
Reaeration of oxygen [RearOXY] | |
Composition [Compos] | |
Ammonium [NH4] | Uptake of nutrients by growth of alga [NutUpt_alg] |
Nitrification of ammonium [Nitrif_NH4] | |
Composition [Compos] | |
Nitrate [NO3] | Uptake of nutrients by growth of alga [NutUpt_alg] |
Denitrification in water column [DenWat_NO3] | |
Nitrification of ammonium [Nitrif_NH4] | |
Composition [Compos] | |
Orthophosphate [PO4] | Uptake of nutrients by growth of alga [NutUpt_alg] |
Ad(de)sorption of orthophosphorus to inorganic matter | |
Composition [Compos] |
Estuary | Stations | Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) (m) | SKILL | Bias (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Minho | Barra | 0.111 | 0.994 | −0.0068 |
Caminha | 0.072 | 0.997 | −8.8287 × 10−4 | |
Seixas | 0.201 | 0.974 | 0.0066 | |
Vila Nova de Cerveira | 0.048 | 0.998 | −4.203 × 10−4 | |
Segadães | 0.056 | 0.997 | −4.2299 × 10−4 | |
Lima | Viana do Castelo | 0.046 | 0.999 | −1.1767 × 10−4 |
Estuary | Variable | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | RMSE | CF | ||
Minho | Water Temperature | 1.34 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.81 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.17 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 1.01 | 0.25 | 1.45 | 0.26 |
Salinity | 4.12 | 0.27 | 1.16 | 0.05 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.59 | 0.04 | |
Dissolved Oxygen | 1.72 | 3.04 | 1.57 | 2.75 | 1.42 | 2.69 | 1.58 | 2.35 | 1.58 | 1.88 | 1.40 | 1.73 | 1.52 | 1.81 | |
Nitrate | 1.03 | 1.58 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 0.98 | 1.64 | 0.92 | 1.58 | |
Orthophosphate | 0.05 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.83 | 0.14 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.73 | 0.12 | 0.73 | 0.09 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.75 | |
Lima | Water Temperature | 0.63 | 0.17 | 0.74 | 0.20 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.65 | 0.15 | 0.77 | 0.19 | 0.96 | 0.24 |
Salinity | 1.17 | 0.10 | 1.68 | 0.16 | 1.71 | 0.13 | 1.99 | 0.16 | 2.73 | 0.30 | 2.93 | 0.40 | 2.60 | 0.28 | |
Dissolved oxygen | 1.68 | 2.65 | 1.42 | 2.13 | 1.52 | 2.36 | 1.43 | 1.75 | 1.46 | 1.65 | 1.39 | 1.69 | 1.32 | 1.34 | |
Nitrate | 0.73 | 1.98 | 0.81 | 2.02 | 0.84 | 1.86 | 0.97 | 1.33 | 1.08 | 2.11 | 1.51 | 1.69 | 1.05 | 2.01 | |
Orthophosphate | 0.05 | 1.09 | 0.05 | 1.10 | 0.05 | 1.07 | 0.17 | 0.56 | 0.20 | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.98 |
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Oliveira, V.H.; Sousa, M.C.; Morgado, F.; Dias, J.M. Modeling the Impact of Extreme River Discharge on the Nutrient Dynamics and Dissolved Oxygen in Two Adjacent Estuaries (Portugal). J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7110412
Oliveira VH, Sousa MC, Morgado F, Dias JM. Modeling the Impact of Extreme River Discharge on the Nutrient Dynamics and Dissolved Oxygen in Two Adjacent Estuaries (Portugal). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7(11):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7110412
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira, Vítor H., Magda C. Sousa, Fernando Morgado, and João M. Dias. 2019. "Modeling the Impact of Extreme River Discharge on the Nutrient Dynamics and Dissolved Oxygen in Two Adjacent Estuaries (Portugal)" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 11: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7110412