An Investigation into the Health Risks Associated with the Noise and Vibrations on Board of a Boat—A Case Study on the Danube River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Diurnal (describing bodies active during the day),
- Nocturnal (describing bodies active at night),
- Twilight (describing active organisms at dusk) [16].
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
- Normal values are those that do not exceed 120 systolic BP and 75 diastolic BP;
- Any patient with values between 120–140 systolic BP and 75–90 diastolic BP is considered pre-hypertensive (it is statistically proven that in this group of patients the vast majority will be declared hypertensive, in a shorter or longer time frame);
- Values over 140 BP systolic and 90 diastolic BP are considered to belong in the hypertensive area, with its stages.
- Idling with generator engine—6 h,
- The ship starts from the shore—15 min,
- The ship is running—17 h 15 min,
- Mooring maneuver—30 min.
- 3/9 Program Rotation and Daily Routine,
- 6/18 Program Rotation and Daily Routine,
- 4/8 Program Rotation and Daily Routine (Figure 12).
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subject | Age (Years) | Weight (kg) | Height (m) | BMI | Smoker | Drinker * | Work Experience (Years) | Cardiovascular Diseases in the Family | Declared Personal Problems | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coxswain (X) | 57 | 95 | 1.80 | 29.3 | Ov | yes | yes | 36 | yes | yes |
Mechanic (M) | 48 | 103 | 1.78 | 32.5 | Ob | no | no | 22 | yes | no |
Sailor (S) | 52 | 92 | 1.84 | 27.2 | Ov | yes | yes | 35 | no | yes |
| Noise Level (LAeq dB) | Exposure Duration (Hours) | Exposure Points (Job/Task) | Exposure Points Per Hour |
---|---|---|---|---|
Idling with generator engine | 92 | 6 | 376 | 70 |
Ship starts from the shore | 87 | 0.25 | 5 | 7 |
Running | 78 | 17.25 | 43 | More work shifts |
Mooring maneuver | 94 | 0.5 | 50 | 10 |
Total duration | 24 | |||
Daily noise exposure (LEP,d) | 92 dB | 474 points | 100 points/8h |
| Vibration Magnitude | Exposure Duration | Partial VDV | Partial Exposure | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m/s² r.m.s. | Hours | Minutes | m/s1.75 | m/s² A(8) | |
Idling with generator engine | 2.1 | 6 | - | 35.641894 | 1.8186533 |
The ship starts from the shore | 3.2 | - | 15 | 24.537971 | 0.5656854 |
The ship is running | 2.4 | 17 | 15 | 53.041058 | 3.524202 |
Mooring maneuver | 3.8 | - | 30 | 34.652116 | 0.95 |
Time to Reach EAV (VDV Option) | Time to Reach EAV (A(8) Option) | Time to Reach ELV (A(8) Option Only) | eVDV | eVDV Version Time to EAV | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9.1 m/s1.75 VDV | 0.5 m/s2 A(8) | 1.15 m/s2 A(8) | hours | ||||
hours | minutes | hours | minutes | hours | minutes | ||
0 | 1.529766 | 0 | 27.210884 | 2 | 23.945578 | 35.641894 | 0.0254961 |
0 | 0.283728 | 0 | 11.71875 | 1 | 1.9921875 | 24.537971 | 0.0047288 |
0 | 0.8967207 | 0 | 20.833333 | 1 | 50.208333 | 53.041058 | 0.0149453 |
0 | 0.1426815 | 0 | 8.3102493 | 0 | 43.961219 | 34.652116 | 0.002378 |
Total VDV = 58.021289 m/s1.75 | Total exposure A(8) = 4.117 m/s2 |
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Picu, L.; Picu, M.; Rusu, E. An Investigation into the Health Risks Associated with the Noise and Vibrations on Board of a Boat—A Case Study on the Danube River. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7, 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080258
Picu L, Picu M, Rusu E. An Investigation into the Health Risks Associated with the Noise and Vibrations on Board of a Boat—A Case Study on the Danube River. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7(8):258. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080258
Chicago/Turabian StylePicu, Laurentiu, Mihaela Picu, and Eugen Rusu. 2019. "An Investigation into the Health Risks Associated with the Noise and Vibrations on Board of a Boat—A Case Study on the Danube River" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8: 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080258