Load Transfer of Offshore Open-Ended Pipe Piles Considering the Effect of Soil Plugging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Load Transfer Model of Open-Ended Pipe Piles
2.1. Computational Assumptions
2.2. Load Transfer Model of Outside Pile Annulus
2.3. Load Transfer Model inside the Pile Annulus
2.4. Load Transfer Model for Pile Tip
3. Load Transfer Analysis on Open-Ended Pipe Piles
3.1. Load Transfer Analysis outside Pile Annulus
3.2. Load Transfer Analysis inside the Pile Annulus
3.3. Computation Steps
- (1)
- First it was assumed that there was a small displacement at the annulus end Sb,ann1, and from Equation (14) pile annulus end resistance Pb,ann1 was determined.
- (2)
- With the assumed pile annulus end displacement Sb,ann1, and the final filing ratio (FFR) at the moment when pile driving ends, we used Equation (40) and Equations (14) to determine the descending amount of soil below the soil plug end Sb,plg1 and vertical stress at the soil plug end qb,plg1, as well as Equation (39) to compute the effective height of soil plug h.
- (3)
- From Equations (33), (35) and (38), the vertical effective stress σ′vs at various heights within the effective height h can be calculated, so that from Equation (11) the internal skin friction fsi, and hence from Equations (42) and (43), the resulting axial force and compaction are obtained.
- (4)
- From Equations (19), (20), (23) and (28), the compute axial force and pile shaft displacement was found to be caused by the external skin friction corresponding to displacement of pile annulus Sb,ann1.
- (5)
- By superposing the previous two steps, we obtained the distribution of axial force and settlement of open-ended pipe pile shaft under both inner and outer side frictions, as well as the load and settlement.
- (6)
- As displacement at pile end Sb,ann increased, the load-settlement curve of the pile top and the stress distribution of the pile draft were obtained.
4. Calculation Example
5. Discrete Element Method Model
6. Concluding Comments
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Simulation Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Density of sand particles (kg/m3) | 2650 |
Density of particles for pile (kg/m3) | 500 |
Average particle size (mm) | 5.85 |
Pile outer diameters (mm) | 45 |
Pile inner diameters (mm) | 39.6 |
Model pile length (mm) | 500 |
Model container width (mm) | 1200 |
Model container depth (mm) | 600 |
Friction coefficient of the particles | 0.5 |
Friction coefficient of pile and walls | 0.5 |
Young’s modulus of particles (Pa) | 4 × 107 |
Contact normal stiffness of pile and particles (N/m) | 8 × 107 |
Particle stiffness ratio (ks/kn) | 0.25 |
Contact normal stiffness of walls (N/m) | 6 × 1012 |
Initial average porosity | 0.25 |
Final average porosity (final equilibrium) | 0.185 |
Bulk unit weight (kN/m3) | 2115.3 |
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Liu, J.; Guo, Z.; Han, B. Load Transfer of Offshore Open-Ended Pipe Piles Considering the Effect of Soil Plugging. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090313
Liu J, Guo Z, Han B. Load Transfer of Offshore Open-Ended Pipe Piles Considering the Effect of Soil Plugging. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2019; 7(9):313. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090313
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Junwei, Zhen Guo, and Bo Han. 2019. "Load Transfer of Offshore Open-Ended Pipe Piles Considering the Effect of Soil Plugging" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9: 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090313