The Effect of Low Temperature on the Early Life Stages of the Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus—A Laboratory Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eggs and Larvae
2.2. Specific Density during Early Ontogeny
2.3. Egg and Larval Treatment
2.4. Mortality of Larvae at Different Temperatures
2.5. Behavioral Response of Larvae to Low Temperature
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Specific Density during Early Ontogeny
3.2. Mortality of Larvae at Different Temperatures
3.3. Behavioral Response of Larvae at Low Temperature
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Batch | Mean | SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.356 | 0.014 | 1.331–1.386 |
2 | 1.406 | 0.010 | 1.385–1.429 |
3 | 1.414 | 0.009 | 1.398–1.432 |
4 | 1.425 | 0.012 | 1.403–1.451 |
Batch | Mean | SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 23.058 | 0.084 | 22.909–23.195 |
2 | 22.995 | 0.053 | 22.924–23.103 |
3 | 22.870 | 0.089 | 22.719–23.032 |
4 | 22.549 | 0.077 | 22.403–22.637 |
Batch | Mean | SD | Range |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 23.121 | 0.983 ab | 21.135–24.493 |
2 | 23.268 | 0.439 a | 22.623–24.289 |
3 | 22.935 | 0.965 abc | 21.739–24.614 |
4 | 22.353 | 1.006 c | 20.6791–24.162 |
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Yoo, H.-K.; Kim, W.-J.; Lim, H.-J.; Byun, S.-G.; Yamamoto, J.; Sakurai, Y. The Effect of Low Temperature on the Early Life Stages of the Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus—A Laboratory Study. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080818
Yoo H-K, Kim W-J, Lim H-J, Byun S-G, Yamamoto J, Sakurai Y. The Effect of Low Temperature on the Early Life Stages of the Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus—A Laboratory Study. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9(8):818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080818
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoo, Hae-Kyun, Woo-Jin Kim, Hyung-Jun Lim, Soon-Gyu Byun, Jun Yamamoto, and Yasunori Sakurai. 2021. "The Effect of Low Temperature on the Early Life Stages of the Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus—A Laboratory Study" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8: 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080818