Interrelations of Synthesis Method, Polyethylene Glycol Coating, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.1.1. Chemical Synthesis of AgNPs
2.1.2. Aloe vera Extract Preparation
2.1.3. Biological Synthesis of AgNPs Using Aloe vera Extract
2.1.4. Surface Coating of AgNPs with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
2.2. Characterisations of AgNPs
2.2.1. UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Analysis
2.2.2. High Resolution—Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) Analysis
2.2.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis
2.2.4. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential (ZP) Measurements
2.2.5. AgNPs’ Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. UV-Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry Analysis
3.2. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) Analysis
3.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis
3.4. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential (ZP) Measurements
3.5. Antimicrobial Tests of AgNPs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wavenumber (cm−1) | Vibrational Assignment | Functional Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chemical Synthesis | Biological Synthesis | ||||
Uncoated AgNPs | PEG-Coated AgNPs | Uncoated AgNPs | PEG-Coated AgNPs | ||
3268 | 3359 | 3294 | 3270 | O–H stretching | Hydroxyl |
- | 2921 | - | 2920 | C–H stretching | Carboxylic acid |
1635 | 1638 | 1635 | 1635 | C=O stretching, N–H stretching | Amide Ⅰ |
- | 1463 | - | 1469 | C–H bending | Aromatic compounds |
- | 1351 | - | 1351 | O–C–H | Alcohols |
- | 1252 | - | 1298 | C–C stretch | Ketones |
- | 1081 | - | 1083 | C–C=O, C–O–P | Hydroxyl from saccharides |
- | 946 | - | 945 | C–H bend | Alkenes |
Parameter | Chemical Synthesis | Biological Synthesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
AgNPs | PEG-Coated AgNPs | AgNPs | PEG-Coated AgNPs | |
Polydispersity index (PdI) | 0.514 | 0.476 | 0.571 | 0.534 |
Zeta potential (mV) | −32.3 | −36.4 | 29.8 | −30.6 |
Samples | Zone of Inhibition (mm) for 100 µL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gram Positive Bacteria | Gram Negative Bacteria | ||||
Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Escherichia coli | Salmonella sp. | ||
Ampicillin (control) | 29.75 ± 1.28 | 41.50 ± 1.41 | 17.50 ± 2.98 | 69.2 ± 12.30 | |
Chemically Synthesised AgNPs | Uncoated | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
PEG-Coated | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Biologically Synthesised AgNPs | Uncoated | 23.00 ± 1.41 | 20.00 ± 0.00 | 13.00 ± 1.41 | 26.00 ± 0.00 |
PEG-coated | 16.00 ± 0.00 | 14.00 ± 0.00 | 12.00 ± 0.00 | 18.00 ± 0.00 |
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Mohamad Kasim, A.S.; Ariff, A.B.; Mohamad, R.; Wong, F.W.F. Interrelations of Synthesis Method, Polyethylene Glycol Coating, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122475
Mohamad Kasim AS, Ariff AB, Mohamad R, Wong FWF. Interrelations of Synthesis Method, Polyethylene Glycol Coating, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(12):2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122475
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamad Kasim, Amirah Shafilla, Arbakariya Bin Ariff, Rosfarizan Mohamad, and Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong. 2020. "Interrelations of Synthesis Method, Polyethylene Glycol Coating, Physico-Chemical Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 10, no. 12: 2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122475