Nanopharmaceutics: Part II—Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Production Scales of Clinically Compliant Nanopharmaceutics
3. Production Methods of Clinically Compliant Nanopharmaceutics
3.1. Lipid-Based Nanopharmaceutics
3.1.1. High-Pressure Homogenization
3.1.2. Membrane Contractor Method
3.1.3. Microemulsion Method
3.1.4. Multiple Emulsion Method
3.1.5. Solvent Emulsification Diffusion
3.1.6. Solvent Emulsification Evaporation
3.1.7. Ultrasonication and High-Shear Homogenization
3.2. Polymeric-Based Nanopharmaceutics
3.2.1. Extrusion
3.2.2. Ionic Gelation
3.2.3. Nanoprecipitation
3.2.4. Salting-Out
3.2.5. Supercritical Fluid
3.3. Metal-Based Nanopharmaceuticals
4. Requirements for Clinically Accepted Nanopharmaceutical Batches
5. From Nanopharmaceutics to Nanonutraceutics: A Bet for the Future
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Souto, E.B.; Silva, G.F.; Dias-Ferreira, J.; Zielinska, A.; Ventura, F.; Durazzo, A.; Lucarini, M.; Novellino, E.; Santini, A. Nanopharmaceutics: Part II—Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030455
Souto EB, Silva GF, Dias-Ferreira J, Zielinska A, Ventura F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Santini A. Nanopharmaceutics: Part II—Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(3):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030455
Chicago/Turabian StyleSouto, Eliana B., Gabriela F. Silva, João Dias-Ferreira, Aleksandra Zielinska, Fátima Ventura, Alessandra Durazzo, Massimo Lucarini, Ettore Novellino, and Antonello Santini. 2020. "Nanopharmaceutics: Part II—Production Scales and Clinically Compliant Production Methods" Nanomaterials 10, no. 3: 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030455