Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Metallic Glassy Soft Magnetic Materials
1.3. Aim of the Present Work
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Starting Feedstock Materials
2.2. Preparations of Metallic Glassy Alloy Powders
2.3. Powder Consolidation by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)
2.4. Sample Characterizations
2.4.1. Crystal Structure
2.4.2. Morphology and Elemental Analysis
2.4.3. Thermal Stability
2.4.4. Density Measurements
2.4.5. Magnetization Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Ball-Milling Effect on Structure and Morphology of the Mechanically Alloyed Powders
3.2. Consolidation of as-MA Powders into BMG by SPS Technique
3.2.1. Structural and Morphological Characteristics
3.2.2. Magnetic Properties
3.2.3. Thermal Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The (Co75Ti25)100−xFex system can be prepared successfully in a wide Fe concentration ranging from 0 to 20 at.%.
- (2)
- The end product of the glassy phases obtained after 60 h of milling coexisted with a marginal volume fraction of nanocrystalline Fe powders.
- (3)
- In MA-(Co75Ti25)80Fe20 system, a bcc-FeCoTi solid-solution phase was obtained after BM for 30 h. The powders of this obtained bcc-solid-solution were severely plastically deformed due to the effect of ball–powder–ball collisions, leading to the generation of intensive lattice imperfections composited of dislocations and point and lattice defects.
- (4)
- Increasing the BM time enhanced the mechanically induced imperfections, leading to a solid-solution-to-amorphous phase transformation upon BM for 60 h.
- (5)
- The as-fabricated (Co75Ti25)80Fe20 glassy alloy system revealed excellent GFA and good thermal stability, indicated by their wide ΔTx and high Tx values.
- (6)
- Based on the their wide ΔTx before crystallizations and high Tx, the as-fabricated powders were consolidated into nearly full dense (above 99.95%) bulk buttons, using SPS technique.
- (7)
- The SPS consolidation step maintained the original short-range order structure after consolidation without experience of any partial crystallizations.
- (8)
- The as-prepared metallic glassy (Co75Ti25)100−xFex systems possesses good soft magnetic properties, indicated by high values of saturation magnetization (0.61 to 1.01 T), which increased with increasing Fe concentration.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nominal Composition (at.%) | |||||||
Fe (x) | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
Co | 75.00 | 73.5 | 71.25 | 69.75 | 67.50 | 63.75 | 60 |
Ti | 25.00 | 24.5 | 23.75 | 23.25 | 22.5 | 21.25 | 20 |
Real Composition, After Consolidation (at.%) | |||||||
Fe (x) | 0 | 1.96 | 5.15 | 7.01 | 9.98 | 14.99 | 20.14 |
Co | 74.91 | 73.41 | 71.17 | 69.70 | 67.44 | 63.78 | 60.13 |
Ti | 25.09 | 24.63 | 23.68 | 23.29 | 22.58 | 21.23 | 19.73 |
Alloying Elements (wt.%) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Zone | Co | Ti | Fe |
I | 63.14 | 17.08 | 19.78 |
II | 62.98 | 17.10 | 19.92 |
III | 62.94 | 16.98 | 20.08 |
IV | 62.97 | 17.05 | 19.98 |
V | 63.05 | 17.03 | 19.92 |
VI | 62.91 | 16.96 | 20.13 |
VII | 62.96 | 16.97 | 20.07 |
VIII | 63.04 | 17.03 | 19.93 |
Alloying Elements (wt.%) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Zone | Co | Ti | Fe |
I | 78.75 | 21.25 | - |
II | 78.64 | 21.36 | - |
III | 78.72 | 21.28 | - |
IV | 71.27 | 18.68 | 10.05 |
V | 71.31 | 18.68 | 10.10 |
VI | 71.29 | 18.71 | 10.00 |
VII | 67.22 | 17.93 | 14.85 |
VIII | 67.19 | 17.91 | 14.90 |
IX | 67.21 | 17.96 | 14.83 |
X | 62.98 | 16.97 | 20.05 |
XI | 63.08 | 16.99 | 19.93 |
XII | 63.04 | 17.01 | 19.95 |
System | Temperature (°C) | Trg | Bs (T) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tg | Tx | ΔTx | Tm | Tl | |||
Co75Ti25 | 545 | 562 | 17 | 1219 | 1301 | 0.42 | 0.61 |
(Co75Ti25)98Fe2 | 548 | 571 | 23 | 0.70 | |||
(Co75Ti25)95Fe5 | 565 | 606 | 41 | 1228 | 1297 | 0.44 | 0.71 |
(Co75Ti25)93Fe7 | 568 | 609 | 41 | 0.72 | |||
(Co75Ti25)90Fe10 | 561 | 605 | 44 | 1251 | 1318 | 0.43 | 0.87 |
(Co75Ti25)85Fe15 | 616 | 646 | 30 | 1285 | 1329 | 0.46 | 0.94 |
(Co75Ti25)80Fe20 | 605 | 682 | 77 | 1293 | 1347 | 0.45 | 1.01 |
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El-Eskandarany, M.S.; Ali, N.; Saeed, M. Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050849
El-Eskandarany MS, Ali N, Saeed M. Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(5):849. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050849
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Eskandarany, Mohamed Sherif, Naser Ali, and Maryam Saeed. 2020. "Glass-Forming Ability and Soft Magnetic Properties of (Co75Ti25)100−xFex (x; 0–20 at.%) Systems Fabricated by SPS of Mechanically Alloyed Nanopowders" Nanomaterials 10, no. 5: 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050849